{"id":11703,"date":"2019-10-13T06:00:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-13T04:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=11703"},"modified":"2019-08-03T10:36:54","modified_gmt":"2019-08-03T08:36:54","slug":"prvni-genocida-20-stoleti-nemci-v-africe-staveli-prvni-koncentracni-tabory-a-provadeli-pokusy-na-lidech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/prvni-genocida-20-stoleti-nemci-v-africe-staveli-prvni-koncentracni-tabory-a-provadeli-pokusy-na-lidech\/","title":{"rendered":"Prvn\u00ed genocida 20. stolet\u00ed: N\u011bmci v Africe stav\u011bli prvn\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory a prov\u00e1d\u011bli pokusy na lidech"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00ed genocida 20. stolet\u00ed vypukla p\u0159ed 115 lety v\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe (dne\u0161n\u00ed Namibie). B\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 let bylo systematicky vyvra\u017ed\u011bno na 65\u00a0tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero a 10 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f\u00a0etnika Nama.<\/strong><\/p>
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Afri\u010dan\u00e9 byli dr\u017eeni v\u00a0Namibsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti\u00a0pod n\u011bmeckou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dou, kde um\u00edrali\u00a0\u017e\u00edzn\u00ed a hladem. Tis\u00edce jich byly\u00a0dr\u017eeny v koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech, kde v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u0159ela vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, podlehla nemocem nebo brut\u00e1ln\u00edmu zach\u00e1zen\u00ed.<\/p>
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Genocida byla ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1na a\u017e o 80 let pozd\u011bji Organizac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se omluvila a\u017e v roce 2004 a teprve p\u0159ed t\u0159emi lety tehdej\u0161\u00ed ud\u00e1losti ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uznala za genocidu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b, Bundestag odm\u00edtl kmenu Herero vyplatit jakoukoli n\u00e1hradu.<\/p>
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S p\u0159\u00edchodem koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f kr\u00e1\u010d\u00ed smrt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Namibii tvo\u0159\u00ed z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti\u00a0pou\u0161\u0165. Nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed komoditou pro m\u00edstn\u00ed je voda. Jej\u00ed absence je ale vyv\u00e1\u017eena p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch kov\u016f od c\u00ednu, wolframu, m\u011bdi a st\u0159\u00edbra po lithium\u00a0a diamanty. Domorod\u00e9 obyvatele ale po stalet\u00ed zaj\u00edmalo tak\u0159ka v\u00fdhradn\u011b \u017eelezo. Jednotliv\u00e9 kmeny mezi sebou \u017eily v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b v m\u00edru a provozovaly vz\u00e1jemn\u00fd obchod.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>
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Nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi etniky byla\u00a0Nama a Herero, kter\u00e1 chovala dobytek a \u017eila farm\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm \u017eivotem. O \u00fazem\u00ed se s nimi d\u011blili\u00a0Sanov\u00e9 (nom\u00e1di, lovci a sb\u011bra\u010di), Damarov\u00e9 (lovci a obchodn\u00edci s m\u011bd\u00ed) a Ovambov\u00e9 (zem\u011bd\u011blci a obchodn\u00edci s kovem).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159irozen\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u017eivota v relativn\u00edm dostatku a klidu za\u010dal dost\u00e1vat trhliny ve 40. letech 19. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy se na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed za\u010dali usidlovat N\u011bmci. Nejprve p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bli mision\u00e1\u0159i, po nich osadn\u00edci a na z\u00e1v\u011br voj\u00e1ci.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1883\u00a0prohl\u00e1silo N\u011bmecko oblast Namibie za svoji kolonii. Do zem\u011b se p\u0159ist\u011bhovaly dal\u0161\u00ed tis\u00edce osadn\u00edk\u016f a spolu s nimi arm\u00e1dn\u00ed guvern\u00e9r.\u00a0Major\u00a0Theodor Leutwein toho o veden\u00ed kolonie p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nev\u011bd\u011bl a Afrika mu byla na hony vzd\u00e1len\u00e1.<\/p>
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P\u0159esto se v nov\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch rychle zorientoval a brzy za\u010dal proti sob\u011b po\u0161tv\u00e1vat dva nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kmeny \u2013 Herero a Nama. Podporoval s\u00edly tou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed po moci a vytv\u00e1\u0159el prost\u0159ed\u00ed pro etnick\u00fd konflikt.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu: Krut\u00e1 historie pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e1 krv\u00ed africk\u00fdch otrok\u016f<\/a><\/h4>
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Mezit\u00edm se do zem\u011b hrnuli dal\u0161\u00ed osadn\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed vytla\u010dovali\u00a0lid kmen\u016f Herero z jejich p\u016fdy pomoc\u00ed \u00faplatk\u016f a obchod\u016f. Pomohl jim i vir, kter\u00fd na konci 90. let 19. stolet\u00ed skolil v\u011bt\u0161inu dobytka. Osadn\u00edci nab\u00eddli domorodc\u016fm p\u016fj\u010dky, kter\u00e9 jim pomohou postavit se na nohy. Jen\u017ee byly zat\u00ed\u017eeny takov\u00fdm \u00farokem, \u017ee jim Afri\u010dan\u00e9 museli nakonec krom\u011b p\u016fdy a majetku d\u00e1t i nov\u011b po\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd dobytek.<\/p>
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P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci kmene Herero se dostali do zoufal\u00e9 situace. V roce 1903 u\u017e \u010dtvrtina jejich p\u016fdy pat\u0159ila N\u011bmc\u016fm a prob\u00edhaly pr\u00e1ce na dokon\u010den\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e1 by propojila jejich \u00fazem\u00ed s pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm. Takov\u00fd spoj by znamenal nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edval Evropan\u016f na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed. Mezi domorodci se nav\u00edc prosl\u00fdchalo, \u017ee se je N\u011bmci chystaj\u00ed um\u00edstit do rezervac\u00ed. Bohu\u017eel \u0161lo o pravdivou informaci.<\/p>
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Povst\u00e1n\u00ed zoufal\u00fdch domorod\u00fdch kmen\u016f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pod tlakem situace povstal v roce 1903 pod velen\u00edm\u00a0Hendrika Witbooie kmen Nama a v lednu 1904 jej n\u00e1sledovali i Hererov\u00e9. Za ob\u011b\u0165 jim padlo 123 a\u017e 150 N\u011bmc\u016f v\u010detn\u011b t\u0159\u00ed \u017een. Povst\u00e1n\u00ed nastalo kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, co velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero dobrovoln\u011b odevzdala sv\u00e9 zbran\u011b v\u00fdm\u011bnou za odchod poloviny n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f z jejich \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>
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\u00datok prob\u00edhal pod veden\u00edm\u00a0Samuela Maharera, kter\u00fd zak\u00e1zal sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm zab\u00edjet Angli\u010dany, civilisty, \u017eeny a d\u011bti \u010di mision\u00e1\u0159e. Povst\u00e1n\u00ed kmene Herero inspirovalo kmen Ondonga ze severu zem\u011b, kter\u00fd tak\u00e9 vyt\u00e1hl do boje s kolonisty. Guvern\u00e9r\u00a0Leutwein proto \u017e\u00e1dal Berl\u00edn urychlen\u011b o posily. Dne 11. \u010dervna\u00a01904 dorazilo\u00a0do N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky 14 tis\u00edc mu\u017e\u016f. T\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce p\u0159ed t\u00edm byl jmenov\u00e1n vrchn\u00edm velitelem arm\u00e1dy\u00a0Lothar von Trotha.<\/p>
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Bundestag v n\u011bm vid\u011bl odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed rozdrtit povst\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e bylo v rozporu s\u00a0Leutweinov\u00fdm pl\u00e1nem porazit v\u016fd\u010d\u00ed skupiny rebel\u016f a se zbytkem vyjedn\u00e1vat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u011b p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed gener\u00e1l se nechal sly\u0161et, \u017ee n\u00e1rod Herero by m\u011bl zmizet z povrchu zemsk\u00e9ho, nebo b\u00fdt vyhn\u00e1n z\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Situace po jeho p\u0159\u00edchodu eskalovala a vyvrcholila 11. srpna 1904 bitvou u Waterbergu. V n\u00ed porazilo\u00a01500 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f vyzbrojen\u00fdch d\u011bly a kulomety trojn\u00e1sobnou p\u0159esilu bojovn\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero s jejich rodinami. Ze t\u0159\u00ed stran je obkl\u00ed\u010dili a nechali jim \u00fanikovou cestu jen sm\u011brem na pou\u0161\u0165 Kalahari.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Bojovn\u00edci kmene Herero ut\u00edkali i s rodinami a pod n\u00e1valy vedra padali unaven\u00ed k zemi. N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci je na p\u0159\u00edkaz\u00a0von Trotha zab\u00edjeli spolu s jejich \u017eenami i d\u011btmi pomoc\u00ed bajonet\u016f, aby u\u0161et\u0159ili n\u00e1boje. V\u0161ichni zadr\u017een\u00ed byli popraveni. Voj\u00e1ci m\u011bli tak\u00e9 systematicky tr\u00e1vit vodn\u00ed zdroje na pou\u0161ti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Z p\u011bti tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero zapojen\u00fdch do bitvy se poda\u0159ilo uprchnout jen tis\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u0161li pou\u0161\u0165 do Bechuanalandu, kter\u00fd byl pod britskou spr\u00e1vou. N\u011bmci n\u00e1sledn\u011b kolem hranic postavili hl\u00eddky, aby zabr\u00e1nili Afri\u010dan\u016fm v n\u00e1vratu. Pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu ter\u00e9nu na\u0161li a\u017e 13 metr\u016f hlubok\u00e9 d\u00edry v zemi, kolem nich\u017e le\u017eely mrtvoly lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se zoufale sna\u017eili prokopat k vod\u011b.<\/p>
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Neu\u0161et\u0159ili ani \u017eeny a d\u011bti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gener\u00e1l Lothar von Trotha vydal 2. \u0159\u00edjna 1904 nekompromisn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed: \u201eP\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci kmene Herero vra\u017edili, kradli, od\u0159ezali u\u0161i a \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bl zran\u011bn\u00fdch voj\u00e1ku, a nyn\u00ed jsou p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zbab\u011bl\u00ed, aby bojovali. Vyhla\u0161uji, \u017ee ten, kdo mi p\u0159ed\u00e1 jednoho z v\u016fdc\u016f kmene dostane tis\u00edc marek. Za\u00a0Samuela Maherera dostane 5 tis\u00edc marek. Hererov\u00e9 mus\u00ed opustit zemi. Pokud odm\u00edtnou, donut\u00ed je d\u011blost\u0159electvo. Jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk kmene Herero nalezen\u00fd uvnit\u0159 n\u011bmeck\u00fdch hranic, se zbran\u00ed nebo bez, bude popraven. Neu\u0161et\u0159\u00edm ani \u017eeny a d\u011bti.\u201c<\/p>
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V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm obdob\u00ed byli mu\u017ei kmene Herero popravov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u017eeny s d\u011btmi vl\u00e1\u010deny do pou\u0161t\u011b, kde m\u011bly um\u0159\u00edt \u017e\u00edzn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed voj\u00e1ci domorod\u00e9 \u017eeny \u010dasto nejprve zn\u00e1silnili, ne\u017e je odvlekli do pou\u0161t\u011b a nechali je tam zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

S\u00a0von Trothov\u00fdm odhodl\u00e1n\u00edm vyhladit cel\u00e9 etnikum Herero souhlasili n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed vojen\u0161t\u00ed velitel\u00e9. S\u00e1m guvern\u00e9r\u00a0Leutwein proti genocid\u011b protestoval a st\u011b\u017eoval si u kancl\u00e9\u0159e\u00a0von B\u00fclowa. Ne\u0161lo mu v\u0161ak o dobro domorod\u00e9ho lidu. Naopak, vid\u011bl v nich levnou ekonomickou s\u00edlu, kter\u00e1 byla t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem ztracena.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tragick\u00fd osud Terez\u00ednsk\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hromadn\u00e1 vra\u017eda \u010cech\u016f v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/a><\/h4>

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Od \u0159\u00edjnov\u00e9ho rozkazu za\u010daly tak\u00e9 svozy do koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f. Otroky se staly v\u011bt\u0161inou \u017eeny a d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 byly roz\u0159azeny do skupin schopn\u00fdch a neschopn\u00fdch pr\u00e1ce, na\u010de\u017e jim byly rovnou vystaveny \u00famrtn\u00ed listy. P\u0159\u00edd\u011bly v t\u00e1borech byly velmi skromn\u00e9 a Herero konzumovali velmi \u010dasto pouhou r\u00fd\u017ei bez p\u0159\u00edlohy. Ob\u010das dostali p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly masa, pokud v t\u00e1bo\u0159e uhynul k\u016f\u0148. V t\u00e1borech se brzy rozmohly nemoci, i um\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed ale museli j\u00edt ka\u017ed\u00fd den pracovat. \u00damrtnost v t\u00e1borech se tak pohybovala mezi 45 % a 74 %.<\/p>
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Mu\u010den\u00ed a pokusy na lidech<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Domorodci denn\u011b \u010delili bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, mu\u010den\u00ed a poprav\u00e1m. U\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed roku 1905 zpr\u00e1vy o prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed genocid\u011b pros\u00e1kly do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Fred Cornell z Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky, kter\u00fd pracoval jako \u0159idi\u010d pro n\u011bmeck\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, se do vlasti vr\u00e1til s historkami o mu\u017e\u00edch, \u017een\u00e1ch, d\u011btech a starc\u00edch pracuj\u00edc\u00edch do \u00famoru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e padli na zem, byli zbiti bi\u010dem z hro\u0161\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a donuceni vst\u00e1t. Podle n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho poru\u010d\u00edka\u00a0Von Estorffa zem\u0159elo v t\u00e1bo\u0159e do dubna roku 1907 na 1700 v\u011bz\u0148\u016f, z nich 1207 byli p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci kmene Nama.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V t\u00e1borech prob\u00edhaly i pokusy na lidech. Kv\u016fli sexu\u00e1ln\u00edmu n\u00e1sil\u00ed se m\u00edstn\u00edm \u017een\u00e1m rodily d\u011bti n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f. Tyto potomky studoval mu\u017e jm\u00e9nem Eugen Fischer, kter\u00fd na d\u011btech prov\u00e1d\u011bl experimenty. Sv\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed sepsal v knize\u00a0Rassenhygiene<\/em>, kde popisoval, \u017ee narozen\u00e9 d\u011bti sm\u00edchan\u00e9 rasy byly N\u011bmc\u016fm pod\u0159adn\u00e9. Touto knihou se inspiroval pozd\u011bji i Adolf Hitler v letech str\u00e1ven\u00fdch za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi.<\/p>
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Mimo Fischera byl v t\u00e1borech i doktor Bofinger, kter\u00fd domorodc\u016fm trp\u00edc\u00edm kurd\u011bjemi vpichoval arsen a opium, na\u010de\u017e b\u011bhem pitvy zkoumal \u00fa\u010dinky l\u00e1tek na jejich t\u011bla. Z\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Afriky bylo tehdy zasl\u00e1no na 300 lebek do N\u011bmecka. \u010c\u00e1st z nich poch\u00e1zela z koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f. Trvalo p\u0159es 110 let, ne\u017e byly navr\u00e1ceny do zem\u011b p\u016fvodu.<\/p>
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Genocida skon\u010dila, pod\u0159adn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed\u00a0nikoli<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Z p\u016fvodn\u011b 80 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero v roce 1904 se jich roku 1908 do\u017eilo 15 tis\u00edc. Pod rukama koloniz\u00e1tor\u016f trp\u011blo ale i etnikum Nama. To povstalo proti N\u011bmc\u016fm v roce 1905. B\u011bhem krvav\u00fdch bitev jich bylo p\u0159es 10 tis\u00edc zavra\u017ed\u011bno. Zbyl\u00fdch 9 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene bylo posl\u00e1no do koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f.<\/p>
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Kdy\u017e pot\u00e9 v roce 1908 byly koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory uzav\u0159eny, p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed v\u011bzni byli posl\u00e1ni nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi koloniemi jako levn\u00e1 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edla. V\u0161ichni p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci kmene Herero museli od sedmi let v\u011bku nosit kovovou desti\u010dku s p\u0159i\u0159azen\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem a nesm\u011bli vlastnit dobytek.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1912 byl na po\u010dest zem\u0159el\u00fdch n\u011bmeck\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f postaven pomn\u00edk v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b dne\u0161n\u00ed Namibie. Na osud vyvra\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch domorodc\u016f nikdo nevzpomn\u011bl.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci ze zem\u011b ode\u0161li po prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce. Namibie se stala koloni\u00ed Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie a nez\u00e1vislosti se do\u010dkala a\u017e v roce 1968. Dne\u0161n\u00ed Namibijci jsou pov\u011bt\u0161inou chud\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch rezervac\u00edch. Drtivou v\u011bt\u0161inu \u00farodn\u00e9 p\u016fdy zabavenou p\u0159ed 100 lety st\u00e1le vlastn\u00ed b\u00edl\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i. Potomci t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyvra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9ho kmene Herero, kte\u0159\u00ed nyn\u00ed tvo\u0159\u00ed asi 8 % namibijsk\u00e9 populace, l\u00e9ta marn\u011b \u017e\u00e1daj\u00ed po N\u011bmecku finan\u010dn\u00ed kompenzaci\u00a0za zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 \u0161kody.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 cizineck\u00e1 legie II: V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 b\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed legion\u00e1\u0159i<\/a><\/h4>
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Prvn\u00ed genocida 20. stolet\u00ed vypukla p\u0159ed 115 lety v\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe (dne\u0161n\u00ed Namibie). B\u011bhem \u010dty\u0159 let bylo systematicky vyvra\u017ed\u011bno na 65\u00a0tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Herero a 10 tis\u00edc p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f\u00a0etnika Nama. Afri\u010dan\u00e9 byli dr\u017eeni v\u00a0Namibsk\u00e9 pou\u0161ti\u00a0pod n\u011bmeckou koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dou, kde um\u00edrali\u00a0\u017e\u00edzn\u00ed a hladem. Tis\u00edce jich byly\u00a0dr\u017eeny v koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech, kde v\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u0159ela vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00edm, podlehla nemocem nebo brut\u00e1ln\u00edmu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11704,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[877,2623,2618,87,2619,2621,2622,2625,1550,1276,2617,356,1481,2624,2620],"class_list":["post-11703","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-afrika","tag-etnika","tag-genocida","tag-historie","tag-jihozapadni-afrika","tag-kmeny","tag-kolonie","tag-kolonizace","tag-koncentracni-tabory","tag-muceni","tag-namibie","tag-nemci","tag-pokusy","tag-vyvrazdovani","tag-zverstva"],"yoast_head":"\nPrvn\u00ed genocida 20. stolet\u00ed: N\u011bmci v Africe stav\u011bli prvn\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00ed t\u00e1bory a prov\u00e1d\u011bli pokusy na lidech - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prvn\u00ed genocida 20. stolet\u00ed vypukla p\u0159ed 115 lety v\u00a0N\u011bmeck\u00e9 jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Africe (dne\u0161n\u00ed Namibie). 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