{"id":13313,"date":"2025-10-11T13:00:23","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T11:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=13313"},"modified":"2025-10-11T13:06:21","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T11:06:21","slug":"operace-citadela-aneb-ocelova-boure-u-kurska","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/operace-citadela-aneb-ocelova-boure-u-kurska\/","title":{"rendered":"Operace Citadela aneb \u201eOcelov\u00e1 bou\u0159e\u201c u Kurska"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rok 1943 neza\u010dal pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd Wehrmacht v\u016fbec slavn\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 6. arm\u00e1da poho\u0159ela v bitv\u011b u Stalingradu, rozpadla se italsk\u00e1 fronta a hrozilo, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vpadne do t\u00fdlu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk a od\u0159\u00edzne je na Kavkaze. Bylo \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee rok 1943 bude, co se t\u00fd\u010de dal\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. V prvn\u00ed p\u016fli roku ob\u011b strany hledaly co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategii a bojov\u00e9 operace se omezily prakticky na minimum. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska i Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da sb\u00edraly s\u00edly k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmu st\u0159etnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo prob\u011bhnout v l\u00e9t\u011b. M\u00edstem st\u0159etu m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek fronty u m\u011bst Kursk, Orel a B\u011blgorod.<\/strong><\/p>
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B\u011bhem \u00fanora 1943 za\u010dala velk\u00e1\u00a0ofenz\u00edva Sov\u011bt\u016f sm\u011brem na Charkov. Vy\u010derpan\u00e9 jednotky wehrmachtu kladly jen m\u00edrn\u00fd odpor. V kritick\u00e9 situaci rozhodly zku\u0161enosti a taktika n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho poln\u00edho mar\u0161\u00e1la\u00a0von Mansteina, kter\u00fd dok\u00e1zal i s vys\u00edlen\u00fdmi jednotkami v\u00e9st ostr\u00fd proti\u00fader, a tak sov\u011btsk\u00fd postup zastavil. Jarn\u00ed obleva a v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 bl\u00e1to pak zamezily dal\u0161\u00edmu pr\u016fb\u011bhu operac\u00ed. Tento v\u00fdvoj m\u011bl za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee se mezi m\u011bsty Orel na severu a B\u011blgorod na jihu vytvo\u0159il v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 linii v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek obep\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bsto Kursk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmc\u016fm bylo jasn\u00e9, \u017ee tato bitva v podstat\u011b rozhodne v\u00e1lku, proto upnuli v\u0161echny s\u00edly k dosa\u017een\u00ed v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu na po\u010d\u00e1tku roku\u00a0vyhl\u00e1sil ministr propagandy Joseph Goebbels \u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lku\u201c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161e bylo naprosto pod\u0159\u00edzeno v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. Byly nap\u0159\u00edklad vyhl\u00e1\u0161eny mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 odvody, kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkaly i t\u011bch N\u011bmc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli dosud vojensk\u00e9 slu\u017eby zpro\u0161t\u011bni z d\u016fvodu nepostradatelnosti ve zbrojn\u00edm pr\u016fmyslu.<\/p>
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Tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd zbrojn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl veden\u00fd schopn\u00fdm organiz\u00e1torem\u00a0Albertem Speerem\u00a0dok\u00e1zal prudce zvy\u0161ovat svou produkci. V\u0161echna tato opat\u0159en\u00ed umo\u017enila na ja\u0159e 1943 v\u00fdrazn\u011b obnovit bojov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l n\u011bmeck\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 byla dokonce siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed roku 1942.<\/p>
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P\u0159ed za\u010d\u00e1tkem letn\u00ed ofenz\u00edvy na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b v roce 1942 m\u011bly v\u0161echny slo\u017eky n\u011bmeck\u00fdch brann\u00fdch sil celkem\u00a09,4 milionu mu\u017e\u016f, na ja\u0159e 1943 to ji\u017e bylo\u00a011,2 milionu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed bitv\u011b hodlali N\u011bmci nasadit 2722 tank\u016f a p\u0159es 1800 letadel. P\u0159es toto v\u0161echno byl ale\u00a0sov\u011btsk\u00fd v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l dvakr\u00e1t tak v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Rusov\u00e9 disponovali p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b\u00a05000 tanky\u00a0a\u00a02900 letadly. Nav\u00edc byly n\u011bmeck\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty, na rozd\u00edl od sov\u011btsk\u00fdch, jen t\u011b\u017eko nahraditeln\u00e9, proto\u017ee Rusov\u00e9 v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bli asi dvojn\u00e1sobn\u00fd po\u010det tank\u016f a letadel oproti N\u011bmc\u016fm a i lidsk\u00e1 s\u00edla byla n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>
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P\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 akce byly zah\u00e1jeny\u00a04. \u010dervence 1943 odpoledne. Vlastn\u00ed \u00fatok za\u010dal 5. \u010dervence ve 4:30 r\u00e1no. Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 zdroje ud\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho \u00fatoku provedlo d\u011blost\u0159electvo Rud\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed od n\u011bkolika p\u0159eb\u011bhl\u00edk\u016f o pl\u00e1novan\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku ofenz\u00edvy zda\u0159il\u00fd mohutn\u00fd d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd p\u0159epad, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil n\u011bmeck\u00fdm \u00fadern\u00fdm jednotk\u00e1m t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty.<\/p>
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Tragick\u00fd osud Terez\u00ednsk\u00e9ho rodinn\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hromadn\u00e1 vra\u017eda \u010cech\u016f v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/a><\/h4>
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Na severu st\u00e1l proti Klugeho skupin\u011b arm\u00e1d St\u0159ed Rokossovsk\u00e9ho St\u0159edn\u00ed fronty. Kluge na severu\u00a0zvoli taktiku tankov\u00e9ho kl\u00ednu (Panzerkiel), kter\u00e1 se skl\u00e1dala z \u010d\u00e1sti z tankov\u00e9ho sboru um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9ho na hrotu, za n\u00edm\u017e postupovaly lehk\u00e9 tanky. D\u00e1le za nimi pak motorizovan\u00e1 p\u011bchota a nakonec lehk\u00e1 p\u011bchota. Tato taktika si kladla za c\u00edl prorazit ruskou obranu.<\/p>
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Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se tato ofenz\u00edva rozv\u00edjela velmi slibn\u011b. N\u011bmc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo rychle postoupit, ale p\u0159esto se ofenz\u00edva zanedlouho \u00fapln\u011b zastavila. D\u016fvodem nebyla jen\u00a0zna\u010dn\u00e1 ztr\u00e1ta tank\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly zni\u010deny protitankov\u00fdmi minami, ale i \u010detn\u00e9 poruchy, kter\u00e9 se u nov\u00fdch tank\u016f typu\u00a0Panther a Tiger\u00a0dost \u010dasto vyskytovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci rychle doplnili \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t a chystali se za\u00fato\u010dit na rusk\u00e9 m\u011bsto\u00a0Prokchorovka, kde 12. \u010dervence do\u0161lo k nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed tankov\u00e9 bitv\u011b 2. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Tato bitva byla posledn\u00ed f\u00e1z\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho postupu ke Kursku z jihu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Prokchorovka le\u017eela ve strategicky velmi v\u00fdznamn\u00e9m \u00fadol\u00ed, proto\u017ee tudy musela projet v\u011bt\u0161ina z\u00e1loh sov\u011btsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, aby se v\u016fbec dostala na Kursk\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b. Rusov\u00e9 zde nasadili p\u0159es\u00a0700 tank\u016f, N\u011bmci asi jen 300. N\u00e1sledn\u011b se strhla bitva, ve kter\u00e9 nemohla b\u00fdt pou\u017eita podpora d\u011blost\u0159electva a letectva, proto\u017ee tanky se \u010dasto dost\u00e1valy do velmi mal\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a dokonce se i sr\u00e1\u017eely. Leteck\u00fdm nebo d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fdm \u00fatokem by se zv\u00fd\u0161ilo riziko zasa\u017een\u00ed vlastn\u00edch tank\u016f, co\u017e ani jedna strana necht\u011bla riskovat.<\/p>
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P\u0159esto\u017ee m\u011bli Rusov\u00e9 oproti N\u011bmc\u016fm na jihu jasnou p\u0159evahu, hrozilo zhroucen\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho frontu, kter\u00fd se br\u00e1nil tankov\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b Wehrmachtu. Je ov\u0161em nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee N\u011bmci v t\u00e9to bitv\u011b utrp\u011bli v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ztr\u00e1ty, co\u017e zabr\u00e1nilo jejich dal\u0161\u00ed ofenz\u00edv\u011b.<\/p>
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Manstein cht\u011bl i p\u0159es ztr\u00e1ty pokra\u010dovat ve vojensk\u00fdch operac\u00edch na jihu u Prokchorovky, ale\u00a0Hitler se rozhodl ukon\u010dit bitvu, proto\u017ee mezit\u00edm do\u0161lo na Sic\u00edlii k vylod\u011bn\u00ed spojeneck\u00fdch vojsk a Hitler pot\u0159eboval \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch jednotek st\u00e1hnout do It\u00e1lie. Z toho d\u016fvodu Hitler celou operaci 15. \u010dervence zastavil.<\/p>
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Kdo byl doktor Josef Mengele? Nemilosrdn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bestie<\/a><\/h4>
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Bitva u Kurska tak brzy po sv\u00e9m za\u010d\u00e1tku \u00fapln\u011b skon\u010dila. Znamenala v\u0161ak jakousi p\u0159edzv\u011bst n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fapln\u00e9 por\u00e1\u017eky.\u00a0Od tohoto okam\u017eiku se toti\u017e N\u011bmci ji\u017e nikdy na v\u00fdchodn\u00ed front\u011b po\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b nevzpamatovali\u00a0a a\u017e do konce dubna 1945 ustupovali zp\u011bt do N\u011bmecka.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rok 1943 neza\u010dal pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd Wehrmacht v\u016fbec slavn\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 6. arm\u00e1da poho\u0159ela v bitv\u011b u Stalingradu, rozpadla se italsk\u00e1 fronta a hrozilo, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vpadne do t\u00fdlu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk a od\u0159\u00edzne je na Kavkaze. Bylo \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee rok 1943 bude, co se t\u00fd\u010de dal\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. V prvn\u00ed p\u016fli roku […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":13316,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[95,2854,1154,87,2855,625,2856,2857,926,119,2859,2858],"class_list":["post-13313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-armada","tag-bitva","tag-druha-svetova-valka","tag-historie","tag-kursk","tag-nemecko","tag-operace-citadela","tag-ruda-armada","tag-rusko","tag-valka","tag-vychodni-fronta","tag-wehrmacht"],"yoast_head":"\nOperace Citadela aneb \u201eOcelov\u00e1 bou\u0159e\u201c u Kurska - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rok 1943 neza\u010dal pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd Wehrmacht v\u016fbec slavn\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 6. arm\u00e1da poho\u0159ela v bitv\u011b u Stalingradu, rozpadla se italsk\u00e1 fronta a hrozilo, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vpadne do t\u00fdlu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk a od\u0159\u00edzne je na Kavkaze. Bylo \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee rok 1943 bude, co se t\u00fd\u010de dal\u0161\u00edho pr\u016fb\u011bhu v\u00e1lky, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd. V prvn\u00ed p\u016fli roku ob\u011b strany hledaly co mo\u017en\u00e1 nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed strategii a bojov\u00e9 operace se omezily prakticky na minimum. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 vojska i Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da sb\u00edraly s\u00edly k rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edmu st\u0159etnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo prob\u011bhnout v l\u00e9t\u011b. M\u00edstem st\u0159etu m\u011bl b\u00fdt v\u00fdb\u011b\u017eek fronty u m\u011bst Kursk, Orel a B\u011blgorod.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/operace-citadela-aneb-ocelova-boure-u-kurska\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Operace Citadela aneb \u201eOcelov\u00e1 bou\u0159e\u201c u Kurska - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rok 1943 neza\u010dal pro n\u011bmeck\u00fd Wehrmacht v\u016fbec slavn\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 6. arm\u00e1da poho\u0159ela v bitv\u011b u Stalingradu, rozpadla se italsk\u00e1 fronta a hrozilo, \u017ee Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da vpadne do t\u00fdlu n\u011bmeck\u00fdch vojsk a od\u0159\u00edzne je na Kavkaze. 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