{"id":14976,"date":"2020-08-01T05:00:09","date_gmt":"2020-08-01T03:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=14976"},"modified":"2020-08-02T09:43:50","modified_gmt":"2020-08-02T07:43:50","slug":"cina-poznavaci-znacky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/cina-poznavaci-znacky\/","title":{"rendered":"Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek: \u010c\u00edna"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak\u00fdmi pravidly se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta? Pro\u010d obyvatel\u00e9 \u0160anghaje za pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dku \u010dasto plat\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e za samotn\u00e9 auto? Nebo jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 loterie pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v Pekingu? To v\u0161e se dozv\u00edte v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku!<\/strong><\/p>
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V dal\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed seri\u00e1l Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek \u010c\u00ednskou lidovou republiku, nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta. Podle odhad\u016f OSN m\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna v sou\u010dasnosti 1,42 miliardy obyvatel a s rostouc\u00ed ekonomikou a vzr\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farovn\u00ed roste tak\u00e9 popt\u00e1vka po automobilech. P\u0159esto si \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek (PZ) vysta\u010d\u00ed jen se sedmi znaky, tedy stejn\u00fdm po\u010dtem jako nap\u0159. \u010cesk\u00e1 republika. Pt\u00e1te se, jak je to mo\u017en\u00e9? \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b za to m\u016f\u017ee jeden trik, jeliko\u017e prvn\u00ed znak je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se zde v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 r\u016fzn\u00fdch znak\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho, a sice omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch zna\u010dek v nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2004 byly jak v Pekingu, tak v \u0160anghaji registrov\u00e1ny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 mili\u00f3ny voz\u016f. V roce 2010 v\u0161ak v Pekingu bylo ji\u017e okolo 4,8 mili\u00f3nu voz\u016f, zat\u00edmco v \u0160anghaji \u201ejen\u201c 3,1 mili\u00f3nu. D\u016fvodem je fakt, \u017ee \u0160anghaj po vzoru Singapuru u\u017e od roku 1994 omezuje po\u010det vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Toto limitovan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zna\u010dek se pot\u00e9 p\u0159id\u011bluje formou aukc\u00ed. Probl\u00e9mem je, \u017ee popt\u00e1vka mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b p\u0159evy\u0161uje nab\u00eddku, co\u017e \u017eene ceny zna\u010dek nahoru. Pro p\u0159edstavu, na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2018 se o 11 tis\u00edc nab\u00edzen\u00fdch PZ uch\u00e1zelo p\u0159es 220 000 dra\u017eitel\u016f a pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 cena vydra\u017een\u00e9 zna\u010dky byla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 tis\u00edc dolar\u016f, co\u017e je v\u00edce, ne\u017e kolik stoj\u00ed \u0159ada m\u00edstn\u00edch voz\u016f.<\/p>
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\"\u010c\u00edna<\/figure>
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Tak\u00e9 Peking za\u010dal omezovat po\u010det vyd\u00e1van\u00fdch PZ, i kdy\u017e a\u017e v roce 2011. Prim\u00e1rn\u00edmi d\u016fvody byly ji\u017e tak p\u0159epln\u011bn\u00e9 silnice a dusiv\u00fd smog, kter\u00fd nap\u0159\u00edklad je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2013 m\u011bsto su\u017eoval v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu dn\u00ed v roce. Na rozd\u00edl od \u0160anghaje se v\u0161ak Peking vydal cestou ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 loterie, kter\u00e1 se losuje ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva m\u011bs\u00edce. Pekingsk\u00e1 PZ je tak oproti t\u00e9 \u0161anghajsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u011b dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, nicm\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobnost, \u017ee ji \u017eadatel z\u00edsk\u00e1, s ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokem kles\u00e1, jeliko\u017e po\u010det z\u00e1jemc\u016f raketov\u011b stoup\u00e1, zat\u00edmco po\u010det p\u0159id\u011blovan\u00fdch PZ se ka\u017ed\u00fd rok sni\u017euje.<\/p>
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Jednotliv\u00e9 zdroje se rozch\u00e1zej\u00ed v konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00edslech, ale podle \u00fadaj\u016f The Economist<\/a>, kter\u00fd vych\u00e1zel p\u0159\u00edmo z vl\u00e1dn\u00edch statistik, m\u011bl na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2018 soukrom\u00fd z\u00e1jemce o v\u016fz se spalovac\u00edm motorem pravd\u011bpodobnost v\u00fdhry 0,2 % (v \u00fanoru se p\u0159id\u011blovalo 6 460 PZ, o kter\u00e9 \u017e\u00e1dalo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,8 mili\u00f3nu obyvatel, co\u017e v pr\u016fm\u011bru p\u0159edstavovalo jednu zna\u010dku na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 450 z\u00e1jemc\u016f).<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek: Rusko<\/a><\/h4>

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O n\u011bco lep\u0161\u00ed je situace u elektrifikovan\u00fdch voz\u016f (NEVs \u2013 New Energy Vehicles), mezi kter\u00e9 se \u0159ad\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm plug-in hybridy, elektromobily na baterie (BEV) a elektromobily s vod\u00edkov\u00fdmi palivov\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky (FCEV). Ty maj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed zna\u010dky a pro rok 2019 je k dispozici 54 000 PZ pro p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 390 000 soukrom\u00fdch z\u00e1jemc\u016f (firemn\u00ed z\u00e1jemci jsou samostatnou skupinou, pro n\u011b je vy\u010dlen\u011bno pouze 6 000 PZ). Na rozd\u00edl od voz\u016f se spalovac\u00edm motorem se zde zna\u010dky p\u0159id\u011bluj\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b pravidla \u201ekdo d\u0159\u00edv p\u0159ijde, ten d\u0159\u00edv jede\u201c. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se tak \u010dekac\u00ed doba na PZ pro elektrifikovan\u00fd v\u016fz pohybuje okolo 8 let.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u011bsta se vydala t\u0159et\u00ed cestou a kombinuj\u00ed loterii s aukc\u00ed. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek je distribuov\u00e1na prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm aukce a zbytek jde do dra\u017eby. Pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem t\u00e9to metody je m\u011bsto Guangzhou, odkud se tato metoda roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila tak\u00e9 do dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ve v\u0161ech t\u011bchto m\u011bstech plat\u00ed, \u017ee vlastnictv\u00ed PZ je podm\u00ednkou ke koupi vozu. Pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dky jsou p\u0159enosn\u00e9 (a do\u017eivotn\u00ed), co\u017e spolu s v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi faktory vedlo k rozvoji \u010dern\u00e9ho trhu s PZ. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 sv\u00e9 PZ (neleg\u00e1ln\u011b) pronaj\u00edmaj\u00ed, dal\u0161\u00edm fenom\u00e9nem jsou fingovan\u00e9 svatby za \u00faplatu, jeliko\u017e man\u017eel\u00e9 si mezi sebou mohou PZ p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt. Holt \u010c\u00edna je \u010c\u00edna…<\/p>
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\"\u010c\u00edna<\/figure>
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A jak vlastn\u011b \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dky vypadaj\u00ed? Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 podoba byla poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavena ji\u017e v roce 1992, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v roce 2007 pro\u0161la aktualizac\u00ed. PZ pro osobn\u00ed vozidla jsou vyveden\u00e1 b\u00edl\u00fdm p\u00edsmem na bled\u011b modr\u00e9m podkladu a maj\u00ed obvykle sedm znak\u016f. Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, prvn\u00ed znak je \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd a ozna\u010duje jednu z provinci\u00ed. N\u00e1sleduje p\u00edsmeno psan\u00e9 latinkou, kter\u00e9 ozna\u010duje n\u011bkterou z oblast\u00ed v r\u00e1mci dan\u00e9 provincie, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v n\u011bkter\u00fdch provinci\u00edch (nap\u0159\u00edklad v Pekingu) maj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed p\u00edsmeno tax\u00edky, policejn\u00ed vozy, zam\u011bstnanci n\u011bkter\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed na \u0159adu p\u011bt znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou jedine\u010dn\u00fdm identifik\u00e1torem vozu. Nejd\u0159\u00edve se pou\u017e\u00edvala pouze \u010d\u00edsla, ale v n\u011bkter\u00fdch provinci\u00edch se ji\u017e v\u0161echny \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 kombinace vy\u010derpaly a m\u00edsto \u010d\u00edsel se za\u010dala pou\u017e\u00edvat tak\u00e9 p\u00edsmena. Kombinace znak\u016f je n\u00e1hodn\u011b generov\u00e1na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u010c\u00edna<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

V roce 2002 byl v n\u011bkter\u00fdch m\u011bstech na zkou\u0161ku zaveden nov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ale m\u011bl velice kr\u00e1tk\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento syst\u00e9m toti\u017e umo\u017e\u0148oval personalizaci PZ. Zna\u010dky na p\u0159\u00e1n\u00ed mohly m\u00edt t\u0159i podoby jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho identifik\u00e1toru vozu (znak pro provincii a p\u00edsmeno pro podoblast nebylo mo\u017eno zm\u011bnit), a sice \u010c\u010c\u010c-\u010c\u010c\u010c, \u010c\u010c\u010c-PPP nebo PPP-\u010c\u010c\u010c, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010c p\u0159edstavovalo \u010d\u00edslo a P p\u00edsmeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 kombinace byly zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 (nap\u0159. \u201eCHN\u201c jako \u010c\u00edna), nicm\u00e9n\u011b spousta jich byla povolen\u00e1, nap\u0159. PRC, USA nebo SEX.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161echny tyto zna\u010dky se na ulic\u00edch tak\u00e9 objevily a n\u011bkter\u00e9 kombinace zna\u010dn\u011b pobou\u0159ily \u00fa\u0159ady (nap\u0159\u00edklad zna\u010dka USA-911, kter\u00e1 sice m\u016f\u017ee prozrazovat l\u00e1sku k Americe a k ikonick\u00e9mu vozu od Porsche, z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee odkazovat na ud\u00e1losti ze z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2001). Tento syst\u00e9m byl brzy zru\u0161en a nahrazen p\u016fvodn\u00edm z roku 1992.<\/p>
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Jak ji\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, NEVs maj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed form\u00e1t pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed podobu \u010dern\u00e9ho p\u00edsma na zelen\u00e9m pozad\u00ed. Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed identifik\u00e1toru vozu je p\u00edsmeno D nebo F \u2013 D ozna\u010duje elektromobily na baterie a F symbolizuje ostatn\u00ed NEVs, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm plug-in hybridy a FCEVs.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek: N\u011bmecko<\/a><\/h4>
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Samostatnou kapitolou v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00ed oblasti Hongkong a Macao. Ob\u011b maj\u00ed v d\u016fsledku sv\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed minulosti vlastn\u00ed PZ (Hongkong pat\u0159il Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii a Macao Portugalsku). Kdy\u017e cht\u011bj\u00ed jejich ob\u010dan\u00e9 vjet s autem do kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, musej\u00ed si \u017e\u00e1dat o \u010d\u00ednskou PZ, stejn\u011b tak kdy\u017e ob\u010dan\u00e9 kontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010c\u00edny cht\u011bj\u00ed nav\u0161t\u00edvit HK nebo Macao, musej\u00ed si za\u017e\u00e1dat o tamn\u00ed PZ. \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 PZ voz\u016f z Hongkongu nebo Macaa maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 specifickou podobu \u2013 zna\u010dka je vyvedena b\u00edl\u00fdm p\u00edsmem na \u010dern\u00e9m pozad\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak\u00fdmi pravidly se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta? Pro\u010d obyvatel\u00e9 \u0160anghaje za pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dku \u010dasto plat\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e za samotn\u00e9 auto? Nebo jak prob\u00edh\u00e1 loterie pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v Pekingu? To v\u0161e se dozv\u00edte v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku! V dal\u0161\u00edm d\u00edle nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed seri\u00e1l Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek \u010c\u00ednskou lidovou republiku, nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta. Podle […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14977,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[585,82,462,552,2316,3064,3062,3061,3060,3063,3068,1677,3067],"class_list":["post-14976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auto-moto","tag-auta","tag-auto","tag-auto-moto","tag-automobily","tag-cina","tag-oznaceni","tag-poznavaci-znacky","tag-registracni-znacky","tag-spz","tag-statni-poznavaci-znacky","tag-tajemstvi-poznavacich-znacek","tag-znacka","tag-znacky"],"yoast_head":"\nTajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek: \u010c\u00edna - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak\u00fdmi pravidly se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta? Pro\u010d obyvatel\u00e9 \u0160anghaje za pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dku plat\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e za samotn\u00e9 auto? To v\u0161e se dozv\u00edte v na\u0161em \u010dl\u00e1nku!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/cina-poznavaci-znacky\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tajemstv\u00ed pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek: \u010c\u00edna - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zaj\u00edm\u00e1 v\u00e1s, jak\u00fdmi pravidly se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed syst\u00e9m pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch zna\u010dek v nejlidnat\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zemi sv\u011bta? Pro\u010d obyvatel\u00e9 \u0160anghaje za pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed zna\u010dku plat\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e za samotn\u00e9 auto? 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