{"id":15796,"date":"2023-11-04T15:00:35","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T14:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=15796"},"modified":"2023-11-04T15:02:23","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T14:02:23","slug":"bitva-na-rece-somme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/","title":{"rendered":"Apokalypsa na \u0159ece Somm\u011b: Nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bitva v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy"},"content":{"rendered":"

20. stolet\u00ed bylo v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojenstv\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm zlomem. V\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch, se dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m nemohly zdaleka rovnat. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v\u00edtanou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zah\u00fdbat na mocensk\u00e9 \u0161achovnici mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nelze ve\u0161kerou vinu za jej\u00ed rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed hodit na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti (tedy N\u011bmecko a Rakousko). Na sv\u00e9 si cht\u011bly p\u0159ij\u00edt tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed bylo \u00fazem\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a tak\u00e9 mimoevropsk\u00e9 kolonie. V \u010dervnu roku 1914 ale je\u0161t\u011b nikdo netu\u0161il, jakou hr\u016fzu sarajevsk\u00fd atent\u00e1t rozpout\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>
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Poprv\u00e9 v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch m\u011bla v\u00e1lka charakter tot\u00e1ln\u00ed, tedy net\u00fdkala se bezprost\u0159edn\u011b pouze voj\u00e1k\u016f na front\u00e1ch, n\u00fdbr\u017e tak\u00e9 oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed v z\u00e1zem\u00ed. A\u010dkoli do konfliktu vstoupilo na za\u010d\u00e1tku pouze 6 st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00e9 vz\u00e1jemn\u011b tou\u017eily vy\u0159e\u0161it star\u00e9 spory, z\u00e1hy se situace zm\u011bnila a v\u00fdvoj sm\u011broval k sv\u011btov\u00e9 roztr\u017ece.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby n\u011bmeck\u00fd pokus o tzv. Blitzkrieg (bleskovou v\u00e1lku) ztroskotal a v\u00e1lka z\u00edskala \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fd charakter \u2013 vznikly mnohasetkilometrov\u00e9 fronty nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d celou Evropou.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 byli \u010dasto odd\u011bleni jen n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo metry z\u00e1kop\u016f, kde tr\u00e1vili i n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f. V\u00e1l\u010dilo se o jednotliv\u00e9 z\u00e1kopy a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pr\u016flomu musely jednotky vyklidit prostor a vr\u00e1tit se do star\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kop\u016f pln\u00fdch ne\u010distot a mrtvol, co\u017e vedlo k n\u00e1r\u016fstu \u00famrt\u00ed v d\u016fsledku nemoc\u00ed. Statistiky hovo\u0159\u00ed jasn\u011b: do v\u00e1lky bylo povol\u00e1no asi 70 milion\u016f mu\u017e\u016f, z toho 10 milion\u016f se ji\u017e nevr\u00e1tilo a 20 milion\u016f se vr\u00e1tilo s trval\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledky.<\/p>
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\"Bitva<\/figure>
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Velkou roli sehr\u00e1lo tak\u00e9 zbrojen\u00ed. Nikdy p\u0159edt\u00edm nedo\u0161lo k tak dynamick\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Bez nads\u00e1zky se d\u00e1 \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee v\u00e1lka urychlila technick\u00fd pokrok a pr\u00e1v\u011b od 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky se zapo\u010d\u00ednaj\u00ed d\u011bjiny tzv. \u201estrojov\u00e9ho zab\u00edjen\u00ed\u201c. Nejen, \u017ee byly vynalezeny kulomety, minomety, plamenomety, samopaly a podobn\u011b, ale rovn\u011b\u017e byly zkonstruov\u00e1ny mnohem d\u016fmysln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 stroje a technologie.<\/p>
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S\u00edly protivn\u00edk\u016f byly natolik vyrovnan\u00e9, \u017ee klasick\u00fdmi v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi postupy nebylo mo\u017eno v\u00e1lku rozhodnout. Jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak nep\u0159\u00edtele zdolat, bylo vyvinut\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 ni\u010div\u00e9 zbran\u011b nebo taktiky. Proto se jednotliv\u00e9 strany p\u0159edh\u00e1n\u011bly s nov\u00fdmi a nov\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezy.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Operace Citadela aneb \u201eOcelov\u00e1 bou\u0159e\u201c u Kurska<\/a><\/h4>
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K nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm bitv\u00e1m nejen v r\u00e1mci 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, ale i v cel\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy, pat\u0159\u00ed bitva na \u0159ece Somm\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do boje bylo nasazeno 120 000 voj\u00e1k\u016f na 30 kilometr\u016f dlouh\u00e9 front\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00datok byl zah\u00e1jen v sobotu 1. \u010dervence 1916 v 7:30 odst\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u011bmeck\u00fdch pozic, kter\u00e9 m\u011blo neutralizovat n\u011bmeck\u00fd odpor, co\u017e byl \u00fapln\u011b myln\u00fd p\u0159edpoklad. N\u011bmci byli velice dob\u0159e kryti sv\u00fdmi betonov\u00fdmi bunkry, a i kdy\u017e byla d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 palba velice siln\u00e1, nedok\u00e1zala v\u00fdrazn\u011bji oslabit jejich s\u00edly, ani zni\u010dit z\u00e1tarasy z ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu a n\u011bmeck\u00e9 d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 baterie.<\/p>
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\"Bitva<\/figure>
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Pot\u00e9 vyrazili shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed voj\u00e1ci ze z\u00e1kop\u016f. Postupovali v pravideln\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch dva metry od sebe a mezi rojnicemi udr\u017eovali stometrov\u00e9 rozestupy. Ka\u017ed\u00fd voj\u00e1k v prvn\u00edm sledu nesl pu\u0161ku, munici a v\u00fdstroj, co\u017e dohromady v\u00e1\u017eilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 kilogram\u016f. Voj\u00e1ci druh\u00e9ho sledu nesli nav\u00edc po\u0161tovn\u00ed holuby, sign\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, klubka ostnat\u00e9ho dr\u00e1tu a prkna na zpevn\u011bn\u00ed bojov\u00fdch pozic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kdy\u017e brit\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci p\u0159ekon\u00e1vali \u00fazem\u00ed nikoho, vyno\u0159ili se N\u011bmci ze z\u00e1kop\u016f a kosili je sv\u00fdmi kulomety. Do ve\u010dera skoro ka\u017ed\u00fd t\u0159et\u00ed britsk\u00fd voj\u00e1k padl.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ironi\u00ed osudu bylo, \u017ee i po tomto po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm debaklu existovala je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed mo\u017enost vyu\u017e\u00edt mezer v n\u011bmeck\u00e9 linii. Tuto \u0161anci ov\u0161em zma\u0159ila nerozhodnost.<\/p>
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Ot\u0159es ze ztr\u00e1t b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho dne neodradil britsk\u00e9ho gener\u00e1la Haiga od pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v akci. Je v\u0161ak pot\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee z n\u011bkter\u00fdch bojov\u00fdch st\u0159et\u016f si Britov\u00e9 odnesli rychle ponau\u010den\u00ed. Nap\u0159\u00edklad 14. \u010dervna gener\u00e1l Rawlinson<\/a> pou\u017eil \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed taktiku. Na\u0159\u00eddil mu\u017e\u016fm, aby za\u00fato\u010dili pod rou\u0161kou tmy. \u00datoku p\u0159edch\u00e1zel kr\u00e1tk\u00fd p\u011btiminutov\u00fd d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00fd p\u0159epad, kter\u00fd m\u011bl mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinek ne\u017e jak\u00e1koliv p\u0159edch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edprava. V\u00fdsledek byl okam\u017eit\u00fd. Britov\u00e9 prolomili frontovou linii mezi Bazentin-le-Petit a Longueval. Pot\u00e9 se \u00fatok zadrhl.<\/p>
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\"Bitva<\/figure>
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Na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech prob\u011bhly rovn\u011b\u017e t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 boje a spojenc\u016fm se poda\u0159ilo dob\u00fdt dal\u0161\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e1 postaven\u00ed, ale op\u011bt za cenu velk\u00fdch ztr\u00e1t. N\u011bmci m\u011bli na\u0159\u00edzeno, aby na ka\u017ed\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b, kde ztratili sv\u00e9 pozice, okam\u017eit\u011b provedli proti\u00fatok. A tak i N\u011bmci zaplatili vysokou da\u0148 na lidsk\u00fdch \u017eivotech. Zk\u00e1zu dokonalo po\u010das\u00ed \u2013 za\u010dalo hust\u011b pr\u0161et a cel\u00e9 boji\u0161t\u011b, kde se bitva odehr\u00e1vala, pokrylo bahno.<\/p>
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\"V\u00e1lka<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e1lka nekon\u010d\u00ed nikdy \u2013 alespo\u0148 pro n\u011bkoho<\/a><\/h4>

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Tehdy nastala chv\u00edle, kdy se Haig obr\u00e1til o pomoc k pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9 techniky. Do Francie byly z Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie, pod kryc\u00edm n\u00e1zvem water tanks, dopravov\u00e1ny nov\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jejich\u017e n\u00e1zev “tank” byl odvozov\u00e1n pr\u00e1v\u011b z tohoto zak\u00f3dovan\u00e9ho anglick\u00e9ho v\u00fdrazu.<\/p>
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Toto nov\u00e9 obrn\u011bn\u00e9 vozidlo na p\u00e1sech a s kan\u00f3nem zap\u016fsobilo na Haiga okam\u017eit\u011b siln\u00fdm dojmem. Ihned po\u017eadoval jejich p\u0159\u00edsun v mno\u017estv\u00ed, jak\u00e9 p\u0159evy\u0161ovalo v\u00fdrobn\u00ed mo\u017enosti britsk\u00fdch zbrojovek, tak\u017ee v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1916 dostali Britov\u00e9 jen 32 t\u011bchto nov\u00fdch zbran\u00ed. Byly ihned nasazeny do boje. A\u010dkoliv se kv\u016fli mechanick\u00fdm poruch\u00e1m brzy staly nepou\u017eiteln\u00fdmi, samotn\u00e1 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee se 15. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed na front\u011b objevily, p\u0159isp\u011bla k panice v \u0159ad\u00e1ch N\u011bmc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed o v\u00fdvoji tank\u016f nem\u011bli tu\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tanky nebyly schopny prorazit frontu, ale p\u0159edstavovaly novou taktiku ve veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Tank<\/figure>
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V t\u00e9to dob\u011b se dostalo vojensk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed do krize. Mohutn\u00e1 palebn\u00e1 s\u00edla za pou\u017eit\u00ed kulomet\u016f a d\u011bl, byla tak velik\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k byl proti nim bezbrann\u00fd. A kdy\u017e p\u0159ece jen byla po d\u011blost\u0159eleck\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b vytvo\u0159ena v obrann\u00e9 linii d\u00edra, vnikal do nep\u0159\u00edtelova \u00fazem\u00ed ost\u0159elovan\u00fd p\u011b\u0161\u00e1k rychlost\u00ed maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 4 km za hodinu. Nep\u0159\u00edtel ov\u0161em mohl rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00e1lohy dopravit do ohro\u017een\u00e9ho m\u00edsta po \u017eeleznici, a to rychlost\u00ed 40 km za hodinu, tak\u017ee vznikl\u00fd pr\u016flom byl rychle zatarasen. Nebylo tehdy v sil\u00e1ch techniky zajistit rychl\u00fd p\u0159esun voj\u00e1k\u016f d\u00e1le za hranice nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 cizineck\u00e1 legie II: V\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 b\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed a v\u00fdznamn\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed legion\u00e1\u0159i<\/a><\/h4>
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V listopadu se bitva na Somm\u011b kone\u010dn\u011b dostala do sv\u00e9ho z\u00e1v\u011bru. Hr\u016fzy roku 1916 pron\u00e1sledovaly ob\u011b zem\u011b a ka\u017ed\u00e1 si ze sv\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed odnesla ponau\u010den\u00ed. Celou trag\u00e9dii t\u00e9to bitvy, kter\u00e1 Brit\u016fm p\u0159inesla pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i kilometry \u00fazem\u00ed, shrnuje v\u00fdrok jednoho z bojuj\u00edc\u00edch: \u201eK tomuhle u\u017e n\u00e1s podruh\u00e9 nedonut\u00ed.\u201c<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

20. stolet\u00ed bylo v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojenstv\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm zlomem. V\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch, se dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m nemohly zdaleka rovnat. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v\u00edtanou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zah\u00fdbat na mocensk\u00e9 \u0161achovnici mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nelze ve\u0161kerou vinu za jej\u00ed rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed hodit na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti (tedy N\u011bmecko […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15797,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[95,2854,3169,2862,87,354,3170,3168,119,674],"class_list":["post-15796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-armada","tag-bitva","tag-bitva-na-somme","tag-dejiny","tag-historie","tag-prvni-svetova-valka","tag-somma","tag-stretnuti","tag-valka","tag-vojsko"],"yoast_head":"\nApokalypsa na \u0159ece Somm\u011b: Nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bitva v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"20. stolet\u00ed bylo v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojenstv\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm zlomem. V\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch, se dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m nemohly zdaleka rovnat. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v\u00edtanou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zah\u00fdbat na mocensk\u00e9 \u0161achovnici mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nelze ve\u0161kerou vinu za jej\u00ed rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed hodit na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti (tedy N\u011bmecko a Rakousko). Na sv\u00e9 si cht\u011bly p\u0159ij\u00edt tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed bylo \u00fazem\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a tak\u00e9 mimoevropsk\u00e9 kolonie. V \u010dervnu roku 1914 ale je\u0161t\u011b nikdo netu\u0161il, jakou hr\u016fzu sarajevsk\u00fd atent\u00e1t rozpout\u00e1.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apokalypsa na \u0159ece Somm\u011b: Nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bitva v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"20. stolet\u00ed bylo v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojenstv\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm zlomem. V\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch, se dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m nemohly zdaleka rovnat. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v\u00edtanou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zah\u00fdbat na mocensk\u00e9 \u0161achovnici mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nelze ve\u0161kerou vinu za jej\u00ed rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed hodit na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti (tedy N\u011bmecko a Rakousko). Na sv\u00e9 si cht\u011bly p\u0159ij\u00edt tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed bylo \u00fazem\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a tak\u00e9 mimoevropsk\u00e9 kolonie. 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V \u010dervnu roku 1914 ale je\u0161t\u011b nikdo netu\u0161il, jakou hr\u016fzu sarajevsk\u00fd atent\u00e1t rozpout\u00e1.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/","og_site_name":"Mzone","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MzoneCZ\/","article_published_time":"2023-11-04T14:00:35+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-11-04T14:02:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2560,"height":1707,"url":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bitva-na-Somme\u030c-scaled.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Mzone","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Mzone","Est. reading time":"7 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/"},"author":{"name":"Mzone","@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/9bc20cc422a99cac4af6ff9297da32d4"},"headline":"Apokalypsa na \u0159ece Somm\u011b: Nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bitva v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy","datePublished":"2023-11-04T14:00:35+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-04T14:02:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/"},"wordCount":1326,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bitva-na-Somme\u030c-scaled.jpg","keywords":["Arm\u00e1da","bitva","bitva na Somm\u011b","d\u011bjiny","Historie","prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka","Somma","st\u0159etnut\u00ed","v\u00e1lka","vojsko"],"articleSection":["Historie"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/","name":"Apokalypsa na \u0159ece Somm\u011b: Nejbrut\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bitva v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch britsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy - Mzone","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/bitva-na-rece-somme\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/Bitva-na-Somme\u030c-scaled.jpg","datePublished":"2023-11-04T14:00:35+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-04T14:02:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/#\/schema\/person\/9bc20cc422a99cac4af6ff9297da32d4"},"description":"20. stolet\u00ed bylo v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch vojenstv\u00ed p\u0159evratn\u00fdm zlomem. V\u0161echny p\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 konflikty, odehr\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se v minul\u00fdch stolet\u00edch, se dv\u011bma nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm v\u00e1lk\u00e1m nemohly zdaleka rovnat. Prvn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka byla evropsk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty v\u00edtanou mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak zah\u00fdbat na mocensk\u00e9 \u0161achovnici mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch vztah\u016f. Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f nelze ve\u0161kerou vinu za jej\u00ed rozpout\u00e1n\u00ed hodit na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti (tedy N\u011bmecko a Rakousko). Na sv\u00e9 si cht\u011bly p\u0159ij\u00edt tak\u00e9 ostatn\u00ed st\u00e1ty, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed motivac\u00ed bylo \u00fazem\u00ed na Balk\u00e1n\u011b a tak\u00e9 mimoevropsk\u00e9 kolonie. 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