{"id":15850,"date":"2026-03-14T18:00:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-14T17:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=15850"},"modified":"2026-03-14T18:31:34","modified_gmt":"2026-03-14T17:31:34","slug":"gestapo-historie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/gestapo-historie\/","title":{"rendered":"Pra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed kati: Krvav\u00e1 historie pra\u017esk\u00e9ho gestapa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Gestapo neboli Geheime Staatspolizaei (\u010desky Tajn\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed policie) vzniklo p\u0159em\u011bnou tajn\u00e9 prusk\u00e9 policie brzy po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v kv\u011btnu 1933. Jeho zakladatelem byl Herman G\u00f6ring, ov\u0161em ji\u017e o rok pozd\u011bji bylo p\u0159evedeno pod veden\u00ed SS a od roku 1939 pod Hlavn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad (RSHA), jeho\u017e \u0161\u00e9fem byl Heinrich Himmler. RSHA a jemu pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 Gestapo m\u011blo za \u00fakol bojovat proti v\u0161em nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm uvnit\u0159 i za hranicemi nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka. Slovem nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 byli my\u0161leni \u017eid\u00e9, cik\u00e1ni a jin\u00ed rasov\u011b nevhodn\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako komunist\u00e9 a dal\u0161\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 tajn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed jako byli svobodn\u00ed zedn\u00e1\u0159i.<\/strong><\/p>
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Gestapo m\u011blo pom\u011brn\u011b slo\u017eitou strukturu a zahrnovalo n\u011bkolik organizac\u00ed ozna\u010den\u00fdch p\u00edsmeny A a\u017e F. Ty pak m\u011bly vyty\u010denou svoji oblast kompetenc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u0159ad A m\u011bl na starosti sabot\u00e1\u017ee, protinacistick\u00fd odpor a atent\u00e1tn\u00edky. \u00da\u0159ad B zahrnoval z\u00e1le\u017eitosti n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u017didy. \u010casto vyhled\u00e1val tzv. \u201cpot\u00e1pky\u201c \u2013 \u017didy, kte\u0159\u00ed se ukr\u00fdvali p\u0159ed deportac\u00ed do koncentra\u010dn\u00edch a vyhlazovac\u00edch t\u00e1bor\u016f.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u00da\u0159ad C byla administrativn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159, zodpov\u011bdn\u00e1 za kartov\u00e9 informace o cel\u00e9m person\u00e1lu. \u00da\u0159ad D m\u011bl na starosti situaci v okupovan\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch, \u00fa\u0159ad E kontrarozv\u011bdku a \u00fa\u0159ad F zahrnoval pohrani\u010dn\u00ed policii.<\/p>
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\"Gestapo\"<\/figure>
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Pracovn\u00edci jednotliv\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159adoven Gestapa byli rozd\u011bleni podle sv\u00e9ho posl\u00e1n\u00ed do odd\u011blen\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejhor\u0161\u00ed pov\u011bst m\u011blo \u010dtvrt\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed tzv. exekutiva. Ta obsahovala opera\u010dn\u00ed formace pro boj s odbojov\u00fdm hnut\u00edm, prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed prohl\u00eddek, intervence v p\u0159\u00edpadech sabot\u00e1\u017ee a vloup\u00e1n\u00ed politick\u00e9ho charakteru. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 obsahovala tak\u00e9 archiv \u00fa\u0159adovny, kter\u00fd shroma\u017e\u010foval zabaven\u00e9 let\u00e1ky a tiskoviny. \u010ctvrt\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u00ed bylo no\u010dn\u00ed m\u016frou odbojov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f. Sv\u00e9 ob\u011bti ur\u010ditou dobu sledovalo, sb\u00edralo informace a posl\u00e9ze provedlo z\u00e1tah. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu m\u011blo nep\u0159etr\u017eitou slu\u017ebu pro p\u0159\u00edjem zat\u010den\u00fdch a p\u0159\u00edjem hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed od konfident\u016f a d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>
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Efektivita Gestapa byla z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti podm\u00edn\u011bna hustou s\u00edt\u00ed nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch udava\u010d\u016f a kolaborant\u016f. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 si dokonce z pravideln\u00e9ho hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00edk\u016fm Gestapa ud\u011blali \u017eivnost. Ve spisech byli ozna\u010dov\u00e1ni jako V-Personen (Vertrauenspersonen), \u010dili d\u016fv\u011brn\u00edci, osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed konfidenti pod\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pravideln\u00e1 hl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed za m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed plat. Dal\u0161\u00ed osoby m\u011bly zase za \u00fakol roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b udava\u010d\u016f. \u0158\u00edkalo se jim verb\u00ed\u0159i (W-Personen, Weber). Rovn\u011b\u017e \u0161pi\u00f3ni (G-Personen, Gew\u00e4hrspersonen) na\u0161li ve slu\u017eb\u00e1ch Gestapa \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed a byli \u010dasto nasazov\u00e1ni do ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdch sf\u00e9r s \u00fakolem zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch informac\u00ed.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jak by vypadal sv\u011bt, kdyby nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko vyhr\u00e1lo druhou sv\u011btovou v\u00e1lku?<\/a><\/h4>
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Zaevidov\u00e1ni byli i tzv. zpravodajci nebo inform\u00e1to\u0159i (A-Personen, Auskunftspersonen). Mnoz\u00ed dokonce nespolupracovali s Gestapem v\u011bdom\u011b. V\u0161echny tyto osoby byly pe\u010dliv\u011b evidov\u00e1ny a jejich slu\u017eeb pravideln\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no. O \u00fa\u010dinnosti t\u00e9to informa\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed zdecimovan\u00e9 \u0159ady odboj\u00e1\u0159\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mnoz\u00ed ani nev\u011bd\u011bli, odkud vlastn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161lo ud\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 15. b\u0159ezna 1939 byla zah\u00e1jena okupace \u010ceskoslovenska a dopoledne vstoupily do Prahy jednotky Wehrmachtu. S motorizovan\u00fdmi okupa\u010dn\u00edmi jednotkami p\u0159ijely i odd\u00edly SS a Gestapa, jeho\u017e p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci byli od\u011bni do pov\u011bstn\u00fdch \u010dern\u00fdch uniforem.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Rozkazem z 5. kv\u011btna 1939 o organizaci gestapa v protektor\u00e1tu jmenoval Heydrich velitelem bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed policie a SD Otto Emila Rasche<\/a>. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u011bchto rozhodnut\u00ed byly z\u0159\u00edzeny dv\u011b vedouc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adovny v Praze (Geheime Staatspolizeileitstelle Prag) s p\u016fsobnost\u00ed pro \u010cechy a v Brn\u011b (Geheime Staatspolizeileitstelle Br\u00fcnn), maj\u00edc\u00ed na starost \u00fazemn\u00ed celek Moravy. Ob\u011b \u00fa\u0159adovny p\u0159\u00edmo podl\u00e9haly centr\u00e1le gestapa v Berl\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>
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\"Gestapo\"<\/figure>
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Pra\u017eskou \u00fa\u0159adovnu nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se v Petschkov\u011b pal\u00e1ci (dnes ulice Politick\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f) p\u0159evzal v \u010dervnu 1939 vl\u00e1dn\u00ed rada Hans Ulrich Geschke, kter\u00fd ihned zah\u00e1jil v\u00fdstavbu s\u00edt\u011b slu\u017eeben v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Z\u0159izov\u00e1ny byly tzv. venkovn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159adovny gestapa (Aussendienststellen) v jeden\u00e1cti m\u011bstech. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu l\u00e9ta 1939 do\u0161lo k vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed struktury bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu. Zm\u011bny v dal\u0161\u00edch letech okupace byly minim\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p>
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\"Adolf<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Jednotky SA \u2013 \u201eTeror mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zlomen zase jen terorem\u201c<\/a><\/h4>
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V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch vzniku protektor\u00e1tu se utv\u00e1\u0159ela cel\u00e1 \u0159ada odbojov\u00fdch skupin. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich byla dosud neznal\u00e1 metod pr\u00e1ce gestapa a d\u00e1vala neboj\u00e1cn\u011b najevo sv\u016fj odpor k okupant\u016fm. Pracovn\u00edci gestapa se od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f sv\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch dost\u00e1vali do \u0159ady probl\u00e9m\u016f, neznali zemi, neznali jazyk. Proto od prvn\u00edch dn\u016f museli sehnat n\u011bkoho, kdo by jim pomohl v zaji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed exekutivn\u00edch \u00fakol\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi nov\u00e9 pracovn\u00edky gestapa byli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ni sudet\u0161t\u00ed N\u011bmci, kte\u0159\u00ed svou dobrou znalost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, psychiky \u010desk\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, jeho kultury a mnohdy i dokonalou znalost\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka byli nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi protivn\u00edky a zp\u016fsobovali zna\u010dn\u00e9 \u0161kody \u010desk\u00e9 rezistenci.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Postupem \u010dasu z\u00edsk\u00e1vali odbojov\u00ed pracovn\u00edci bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s metodami pr\u00e1ce gestapa. B\u011bhem roka a p\u016fl se Geschkemu poda\u0159ilo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zdecimovat odpor v protektor\u00e1tu. St\u00e1valo se pravidlem, \u017ee pro toho, kdo p\u0159ekro\u010dil br\u00e1nu Petschkova pal\u00e1ce (hovorov\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9mu jako Pe\u010dk\u00e1rna), nebylo n\u00e1vratu. Zp\u016fsob pr\u00e1ce gestap\u00e1k\u016f, byl n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed: ur\u010ditou dobu sledovali \u010dlov\u011bka podez\u0159el\u00e9ho z konspirace, shroma\u017e\u010fovali informace a ud\u00e1n\u00ed, pot\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0161el z\u00e1sah a zat\u010den\u00ed. Uv\u011bzn\u011bn\u00fd byl dopraven na Pe\u010dk\u00e1rnu, kde byl um\u00edst\u011bn do v\u00fdslechov\u00fdch cel nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se ve sklepen\u00ed. Na posti\u017een\u00e9ho nastoupil jeden nebo dva gestap\u00e1ci se snahou z\u00edskat informace.<\/p>
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\"Gestapo:
Petschk\u016fv pal\u00e1c neboli Pe\u010dk\u00e1rna v centru Prahy<\/figcaption><\/figure>
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Agresivita jejich v\u00fdslechu se stup\u0148ovala. V pra\u017esk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159adovn\u011b svou brutalitou proslul Oskar Fleischer (p\u0159\u00edzna\u010dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no \u2013 v \u010desk\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 \u0158ezn\u00edk), kter\u00fd m\u011bl na kont\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed po\u010det zat\u010den\u00fdch. Pr\u016fb\u011bh v\u00fdslechu byl v\u00edcem\u00e9n\u011b stejn\u00fd \u2013 nejprve p\u0159i\u0161lo \u0159van\u00ed a bit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u011bmci nest\u00e1le kladli ot\u00e1zky a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nedostate\u010dn\u00fdch odpov\u011bd\u00ed doty\u010dn\u00e9ho svl\u00e9kli donaha a bili holemi. Gestapo \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvalo metody jako drcen\u00ed prst\u016f ve dve\u0159\u00edch, p\u00e1len\u00ed zapalova\u010dem, vytrh\u00e1van\u00ed vlas\u016f a podobn\u011b. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee mu\u010den\u00fd omdlel nebo z n\u011bj nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 dostat p\u0159izn\u00e1n\u00ed a jm\u00e9na, byl v\u00fdslech odsunut. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed den v\u00fdslech pokra\u010doval v podobn\u00e9m duchu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u010casto se vysl\u00fdchaj\u00edc\u00ed uchylovali i k psychick\u00e9mu teroru. Do v\u00fdslechov\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti p\u0159ivedli matku, bratra nebo jin\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho vysl\u00fdchan\u00e9ho a za\u010dali jej p\u0159ed jeho o\u010dima b\u00edt a mu\u010dit. Je zn\u00e1m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edhoda, kdy Fleischer nev\u00e1hal vym\u00e1mit informaci z nezletil\u00e9ho chlapce tak, \u017ee mu uk\u00e1zal hlavu jeho matky nalo\u017eenou ve formaldehydu. Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee pod t\u00edmto n\u00e1tlakem vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni \u010dasto podlehli a poskytli v\u0161echny informace, co v\u011bd\u011bli. Naivn\u011b si mysleli, \u017ee t\u00edmto jejich utrpen\u00ed skon\u010d\u00ed. Jejich dal\u0161\u00ed osud byl ov\u0161em tragick\u00fd. Byli posl\u00e1ni p\u0159ed soud do N\u011bmecka, kde byli v\u011bt\u0161inou odsouzeni k smrti nebo k deportaci do n\u011bkter\u00e9ho koncentra\u010dn\u00edho t\u00e1bora. Ov\u0161em d\u00edky informac\u00edm a hlavn\u011b jm\u00e9n\u016fm lid\u00ed, napojen\u00fdch na odboj, kter\u00e1 gestap\u00e1k\u016fm prozradili, se smy\u010dka nad\u00e1le stahovala. Gestapo \u0161lo najisto a zatklo dal\u0161\u00ed ob\u011bti, z kter\u00fdch vyml\u00e1tilo informace o dal\u0161\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch\u2026 Do roku 1942 byl \u010desk\u00fd odboj na \u00fazem\u00ed protektor\u00e1tu prakticky zlikvidov\u00e1n.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kdo byl doktor Josef Mengele? Nemilosrdn\u00e1 lidsk\u00e1 bestie<\/a><\/h4>
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Gestapo bylo aktivn\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 a\u017e do konce v\u00e1lky. Kdy\u017e se bl\u00ed\u017eila Rud\u00e1 arm\u00e1da, sna\u017eili se jeho p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci uprchnout do N\u011bmecka a odsud je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l. Infiltrovat se mezi lidi v protektor\u00e1tu pro n\u011b nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9, proto\u017ee jejich obli\u010deje byly \u010dasto zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Smutn\u00fdm mementem je fakt, \u017ee Oskar Fleischer zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za mu\u010den\u00ed stovek \u010desk\u00fdch v\u011bz\u0148\u016f nebyl po v\u00e1lce nikdy dopaden a \u017eil si v poklidu a\u017e do 60. let v SRN.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gestapo neboli Geheime Staatspolizaei (\u010desky Tajn\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed policie) vzniklo p\u0159em\u011bnou tajn\u00e9 prusk\u00e9 policie brzy po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v kv\u011btnu 1933. Jeho zakladatelem byl Herman G\u00f6ring, ov\u0161em ji\u017e o rok pozd\u011bji bylo p\u0159evedeno pod veden\u00ed SS a od roku 1939 pod Hlavn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad (RSHA), jeho\u017e \u0161\u00e9fem byl Heinrich Himmler. RSHA a jemu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":15852,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[2862,3180,87,1556,3161,3181,3179,2658],"class_list":["post-15850","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-dejiny","tag-gestapo","tag-historie","tag-nacismus","tag-naciste","tag-rsha","tag-tajna-policie","tag-treti-rise"],"yoast_head":"\nPra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed kati: Krvav\u00e1 historie pra\u017esk\u00e9ho gestapa - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gestapo neboli Geheime Staatspolizaei (\u010desky Tajn\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed policie) vzniklo p\u0159em\u011bnou tajn\u00e9 prusk\u00e9 policie brzy po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v kv\u011btnu 1933. Jeho zakladatelem byl Herman G\u00f6ring, ov\u0161em ji\u017e o rok pozd\u011bji bylo p\u0159evedeno pod veden\u00ed SS a od roku 1939 pod Hlavn\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad (RSHA), jeho\u017e \u0161\u00e9fem byl Heinrich Himmler.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/gestapo-historie\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pra\u017e\u0161t\u00ed kati: Krvav\u00e1 historie pra\u017esk\u00e9ho gestapa - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Gestapo neboli Geheime Staatspolizaei (\u010desky Tajn\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed policie) vzniklo p\u0159em\u011bnou tajn\u00e9 prusk\u00e9 policie brzy po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v kv\u011btnu 1933. 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