{"id":17396,"date":"2023-09-28T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=17396"},"modified":"2023-09-28T10:47:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T08:47:06","slug":"vynalezci-ceska-technika-veda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/vynalezci-ceska-technika-veda\/","title":{"rendered":"Obloukov\u00e1 lampa i kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. Tohle jsou nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezci"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vyn\u00e1lezci jsou elita ka\u017ed\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a o \u010ce\u0161\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed zlat\u00e9 ru\u010di\u010dky a jsou zru\u010dn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy mnoha vyn\u00e1lez\u016f v\u0161ak dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lze \u0159\u00edkat i zlat\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 hlavi\u010dky. Pod\u00edvejte se, jak\u00e9 objevy maj\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i na sv\u011bdom\u00ed!<\/strong><\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<p>Poj\u010fte se s n\u00e1mi dnes sezn\u00e1mit se slavn\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezci z \u010desk\u00e9 kotliny. Jejich patenty mo\u017en\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd den pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1te a netu\u0161\u00edte, \u017ee je vymyslela pr\u00e1v\u011b ona \u201cchytr\u00e1 \u010desk\u00e1 hlavi\u010dka\u201d.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jan Jansk\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Jan Jansk\u00fd\" class=\"wp-image-17401\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Jansky-1.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Slavn\u00fd psychiatr objevil krevn\u00ed skupiny coby vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt v\u00fdzkumu vztahu krve a du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch. Jeho pr\u00e1ce vznikla nez\u00e1visle na v\u00fdzkumu rakousk\u00e9ho patologa <a href=\"https:\/\/cs.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karl_Landsteiner\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Karla Landsteinera<\/a>, kter\u00fd za krevn\u00ed skupiny z\u00edskal Nobelovu cenu. Jansk\u00e9ho verze byla ov\u0161em ucelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, a dokonce ji adoptovali i ameri\u010dt\u00ed v\u011bdci. Jansk\u00fd se zaslou\u017een\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy nedo\u017eil, zem\u0159el ve v\u011bku pouh\u00fdch 48 let na t\u011b\u017ekou formu ang\u00edny. Po n\u011bm pojmenovanou plaketu dnes v \u010cesku dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed dobrovoln\u00ed d\u00e1rci krve.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jaroslav Heyrovsk\u00fd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Jaroslav Heyrovsk\u00fd\" class=\"wp-image-17403\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/heyrovsky-2.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr\u017eitel Nobelovy ceny (byl nominov\u00e1n celkem osmn\u00e1ctkr\u00e1t) byl od ml\u00e1d\u00ed fascinov\u00e1n fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed chemi\u00ed, kterou dokonce odjel studovat do Lond\u00fdna. V obdob\u00ed mezi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi v\u00e1lkami objevil metodu polarografie, kter\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u011b usnad\u0148uje chemickou anal\u00fdzu roztok\u016f. Nobelovu cenu za jej\u00ed rozpracov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00edskal v roce 1959.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ernst Mach<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Ernst Mach\" class=\"wp-image-17407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Mach-1.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>U\u010ditel, fyzik, filozof i p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec. Brn\u011bnsk\u00fd rod\u00e1k Ernst Mach byl horliv\u00fdm a zv\u00eddav\u00fdm studentem a velk\u00fdm kritikem zab\u011bhl\u00fdch teori\u00ed, kter\u00e9 r\u00e1d podroboval p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed. Mach\u016fv princip o setrva\u010dnosti hmoty adoptoval Albert Einstein a nakonec ho dovedl a\u017e k obecn\u00e9 teorii relativity. S dal\u0161\u00edmi Machov\u00fdmi pou\u010dkami se setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed studenti fyziky a Machovo \u010d\u00edslo (MACH) se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159i m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sonick\u00e9 rychlosti u letadel, zejm\u00e9na tedy nadzvukov\u00fdch st\u00edha\u010dek.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Franti\u0161ek K\u0159i\u017e\u00edk\" class=\"wp-image-17410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Krizik-2.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Samotn\u00fd seznam K\u0159i\u017e\u00edkov\u00fdch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f je velmi dlouh\u00fd. U\u017e za studi\u00ed na pra\u017esk\u00e9m \u010cVUT zdokonalil \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed signalizaci a pen\u00edze z prvn\u00edch vyn\u00e1lez\u016f mu umo\u017enily vycestovat na Sv\u011btovou v\u00fdstavu do Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ee. Tam uvid\u011bl prvn\u00ed obloukovou lampu, kterou n\u00e1sledn\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b zdokonalil. Pot\u00e9, co rozsv\u00edtil \u010desk\u00e1 m\u011bsta, vrhl se na budov\u00e1n\u00ed tramvajov\u00fdch trat\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b vybavil p\u0159es sto \u010desk\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Otto Wichterle<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Otto Wichterle\" class=\"wp-image-17414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Wichterle-1.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Wichterleho vyn\u00e1lez mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e1te na sob\u011b i p\u0159i \u010dten\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku. M\u011bkk\u00e9 kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky usnadnily \u017eivot milion\u016fm lid\u00ed, ale jejich cesta na sv\u011bt nebyla snadn\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>Wichterleho napadlo, \u017ee hydrofiln\u00ed polymer by byl pro v\u00fdrobu nejvhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm materi\u00e1lem, ale odlit\u00ed gelu ve form\u00e1ch se neda\u0159ilo a st\u00e1t necht\u011bl drah\u00fd projekt podporovat. Prvn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed verze tak vznikala doslova doma na kolen\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Josef Ressel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Josef Ressel\" class=\"wp-image-17416\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Ressel-1.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Slavn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezce lodn\u00edho \u0161roubu, po n\u011bm\u017e se v n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch a m\u011bstech jmenuj\u00ed ulice, byl p\u016fvodn\u011b lesn\u00edkem. Vystudoval v Linci a ve V\u00eddni a odjel zales\u0148ovat krasov\u00e9 oblasti v Kra\u0148sku v dne\u0161n\u00edm Slovinsku, kde tak\u00e9 napsal knihu o p\u0159\u00edmo\u0159sk\u00fdch les\u00edch. Lodn\u00ed \u0161roub m\u011bl v hlav\u011b u\u017e tehdy a v roce 1827 z\u00edskal patent. Bohu\u017eel nem\u011bl dost pen\u011bz na dal\u0161\u00ed pokusy. Zem\u0159el v roce 1857 na mal\u00e1rii a jeho \u010detn\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy se proslavily a\u017e n\u011bkolik let po jeho smrti.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Brat\u0159i Kou\u010dt\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Brat\u0159i Kou\u010dt\u00ed\" class=\"wp-image-17418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/bratri-koucti-2.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Franti\u0161ek a Josef Kou\u010dt\u00ed se narodili do strojnick\u00e9 rodiny, a m\u011bli tak ruce pozlacen\u00e9 u\u017e od narozen\u00ed. Bylo jim souzeno vyr\u00e1b\u011bt zbran\u011b, i kdy\u017e po v\u011bt\u0161inu jejich aktivn\u00ed kari\u00e9ry ka\u017ed\u00fd pracoval jinde, poda\u0159ilo se jim zdokonalit mnoh\u00e9 pistole a pu\u0161ky a v roce 1975 navrhli spole\u010dn\u00fdmi silami \u010deskoslovensk\u00fd bestseller a jednu z nej\u010dast\u011bji kop\u00edrovan\u00fdch st\u0159eln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed sv\u011bta, pistoli \u010cZ75.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prokop Divi\u0161<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"351\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2-1024x351.jpg\" alt=\"Prokop Divi\u0161\" class=\"wp-image-17421\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2-1024x351.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2-300x103.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2-768x263.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2-590x202.jpg 590w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/Divis-2.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Teolog Divi\u0161 sv\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce uvozoval cit\u00e1ty z Bible, a tak le\u017eel dlouho mimo pozornost akademik\u016f. A\u017e meteorologick\u00fd stroj, ur\u010den\u00fd k vyrovn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi nebesy a zem\u00ed, mu p\u0159inesl sv\u011btskou sl\u00e1vu. \u0160lo toti\u017e o prvn\u00ed bleskosvod, nav\u00edc oproti pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed verzi Benjamina Franklina dokonce spr\u00e1vn\u011b uzemn\u011bn\u00fd. Franklinova verze byla jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila podstatn\u011b rychleji.<\/p><br>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16515\" width=\"131\" height=\"86\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-800x533.jpg 800w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti.jpg 1080w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/M\u011bsto-budoucnosti-590x393.jpg 590w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 131px) 100vw, 131px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/japonci-postavi-pod-horou-fuji-prototyp-mesta-budoucnosti\/\">Japonci postav\u00ed pod horou Fuji prototyp m\u011bsta budoucnosti<\/a><\/h4><br>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vyn\u00e1lezci jsou elita ka\u017ed\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a o \u010ce\u0161\u00edch se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed zlat\u00e9 ru\u010di\u010dky a jsou zru\u010dn\u00ed \u0159emesln\u00edci. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy mnoha vyn\u00e1lez\u016f v\u0161ak dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee lze \u0159\u00edkat i zlat\u00e9 \u010desk\u00e9 hlavi\u010dky. Pod\u00edvejte se, jak\u00e9 objevy maj\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i na sv\u011bdom\u00ed! Poj\u010fte se s n\u00e1mi dnes sezn\u00e1mit se slavn\u00fdmi vyn\u00e1lezci z \u010desk\u00e9 kotliny. Jejich patenty mo\u017en\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd den [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17397,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,65,67],"tags":[1709,292,3353,87,2408,3354,1060,912,434,35,3294,161,3350,3352,3351],"class_list":["post-17396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-technika","category-veda","tag-cesi","tag-chemie","tag-fyzika","tag-historie","tag-objev","tag-objevy","tag-osobnosti","tag-pokrok","tag-technika","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vedci","tag-vynalez","tag-vynalezci","tag-vynalezy"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Obloukov\u00e1 lampa i kontaktn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. 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