{"id":19838,"date":"2023-10-25T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-10-25T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=19838"},"modified":"2023-10-25T19:43:21","modified_gmt":"2023-10-25T17:43:21","slug":"zbrane-ktere-zmenily-svet-muskety-i-trebuchety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zbrane-ktere-zmenily-svet-muskety-i-trebuchety\/","title":{"rendered":"Mu\u0161kety i trebuchety aneb zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"

U\u017e od doby, co prvn\u00ed opice vzala kamenem po hlav\u011b jinou opici se lidstvo sna\u017e\u00ed vynal\u00e9zat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, aby se mohlo navz\u00e1jem vra\u017edit a mrza\u010dit. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zbran\u011b byly v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 a zapsaly se do d\u011bjin velk\u00fdm krvav\u00fdm p\u00edsmem. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v\u00e1m v\u00fdb\u011br zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily sv\u011bt.<\/strong><\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Luk a \u0161\u00edpy<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Objev luku se, spolu s objevem ohn\u011b a rozvojem \u0159e\u010di, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 mezi nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed objevy v historii lidstva. Jeho vyn\u00e1lez byl p\u0159elomov\u00fd. U\u017e jste nemuseli bojovat tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159, ale mohli jste sv\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele pro\u0161pikovat na d\u00e1lku, ani\u017e by si v\u00e1s v\u016fbec v\u0161iml \u2013 d\u0159\u00edve jste po n\u011bm mohli maxim\u00e1ln\u011b tak h\u00e1zet kameny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Luk a \u0161\u00edp v nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch podob\u00e1ch, dopomohl k rozvoji mnoha velk\u00fdch \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed. Hojn\u011b ho pou\u017e\u00edvali u\u017e starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b indi\u00e1ni.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Luk byl tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed velk\u00fdch ko\u010dovn\u00fdch invaz\u00ed do Evropy. Nesm\u011bl chyb\u011bt ve vybaven\u00ed Hun\u016f<\/a>, Avar\u016f, Ma\u010far\u016f a Mongol\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli v\u00a0jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed opravdov\u00ed mist\u0159i.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"Zbran\u011b,<\/figure>
\n\n\n\n

Dlouh\u00e9 anglick\u00e9 luky pr\u00e1vem vzbuzovaly v nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch \u0159ad\u00e1ch strach a v mnoha bitv\u00e1ch se uk\u00e1zaly jako rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed. D\u00edky luku a \u0161\u00edpu se vybojovalo nespo\u010det bitev a bez nads\u00e1zky se stal z\u00e1kladem pro v\u0161echny modern\u00ed zbran\u011b.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Trebuchet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed pevnost\u00ed pat\u0159ilo k jednomu z nejd\u00e9le trvaj\u00edc\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed. Voj\u00e1ci mohli b\u00fdt schovan\u00ed za hradbami i cel\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00edce, zat\u00edmco nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da okupovala okol\u00ed a sna\u017eila se obyvatele pevnosti vyhladov\u011bt, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b bez valn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku st\u0159\u00edlela do kamenn\u00fdch zd\u00ed katapulty. V\u0161e zvr\u00e1til a\u017e trebuchet, kter\u00fd naprosto zm\u011bnil rovnov\u00e1hu sil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento dalekonosn\u00fd katapult pracuj\u00edc\u00ed na principu vahadla vypaloval mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed projektily na del\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost a mohl tak rozb\u00edt nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 hradby ji\u017e b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dramaticky tak zv\u00fd\u0161il \u0161ance obl\u00e9haj\u00edc\u00edch a voj\u00e1ci \u010dasto dobyli m\u011bsto, je\u0161t\u011b ne\u017e mu dorazili posily. Jako munice se nej\u010dast\u011bji pou\u017e\u00edvaly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kameny, ale mohlo to b\u00fdt prakticky cokoliv od zap\u00e1len\u00fdch bal\u00edk\u016f sl\u00e1my a n\u00e1dob s ho\u0159\u00edc\u00edm olejem, a\u017e po mrtv\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 m\u011bla za hradbami \u0161\u00ed\u0159it nemoci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Zbran\u011b,<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Trebuchet byl vynalezen ve 13. stolet\u00ed a byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako jedna z hlavn\u00edch obl\u00e9hac\u00edch zbran\u00ed, dokud ho v 15. stolet\u00ed nenahradila obl\u00e9hac\u00ed d\u011bla.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Mu\u0161keta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ru\u010dn\u00ed paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b byly v Evrop\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny u\u017e od 14. stolet\u00ed, ale byla to sp\u00ed\u0161e takov\u00e1 ru\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bla, kter\u00e1 byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1, nep\u0159esn\u00e1 a ob\u010das dokonce explodovala. Ru\u010dn\u00ed paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b zna\u010dn\u011b zaost\u00e1valy za luky i ku\u0161emi, a to i v pr\u016fbojnosti. T\u011b\u017ece obrn\u011bn\u00ed ryt\u00ed\u0159i nemuseli m\u00edt strach, proto\u017ee kulka nedok\u00e1zala proj\u00edt brn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Teprve mu\u0161kety dok\u00e1zaly pr\u016fbojnost\u00ed sv\u00fdch st\u0159el p\u0159ekonat tehdej\u0161\u00ed ku\u0161e a luky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u011bly v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed r\u00e1\u017ei a del\u0161\u00ed hlave\u0148, ne\u017e jej\u00ed p\u0159edch\u016fdci a mohly tak vyst\u0159elit mnohem v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed projektil (50-60 gram\u016f). Probl\u00e9m byl ov\u0161em s nab\u00edjen\u00edm, kter\u00e9 i t\u011bm nejzru\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm voj\u00e1k\u016fm trvalo n\u011bkolik minut.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"Zbran\u011b,<\/figure>
\n\n\n\n

Mu\u0161kety nadobro poh\u0159bily ryt\u00ed\u0159skou \u00e9ru a zp\u016fsobily p\u0159evrat ve vojensk\u00e9 taktice. Od po\u010d\u00e1tku 16. stolet\u00ed se mu\u0161ket\u00fd\u0159i stali st\u00e1lou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed arm\u00e1d a koncem stolet\u00ed ji\u017e tvo\u0159ili polovinu cel\u00e9 p\u011bchoty.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zbran\u011b z western\u016f: T\u00edmhle se st\u0159\u00edleli indi\u00e1ni<\/a><\/h4>
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U\u017e od doby, co prvn\u00ed opice vzala kamenem po hlav\u011b jinou opici se lidstvo sna\u017e\u00ed vynal\u00e9zat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, aby se mohlo navz\u00e1jem vra\u017edit a mrza\u010dit. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zbran\u011b byly v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 a zapsaly se do d\u011bjin velk\u00fdm krvav\u00fdm p\u00edsmem. P\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00edme v\u00e1m v\u00fdb\u011br zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily sv\u011bt. Luk a \u0161\u00edpy Objev luku se, spolu s objevem ohn\u011b a rozvojem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,65,68],"tags":[87,3655,3656,3653,3652,3657,434,3654,673,39,2174],"class_list":["post-19838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-technika","category-zbrane","tag-historie","tag-luk","tag-luk-a-sipy","tag-musketa","tag-muskety","tag-prelom","tag-technika","tag-trebuchet","tag-zbran","tag-zbrane","tag-zmeny"],"yoast_head":"\nMu\u0161kety i trebuchety aneb zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily sv\u011bt - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U\u017e od doby, co prvn\u00ed opice vzala kamenem po hlav\u011b jinou opici se lidstvo sna\u017e\u00ed vynal\u00e9zat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, aby se mohlo navz\u00e1jem vra\u017edit a mrza\u010dit. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zbran\u011b byly v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e9 a zapsaly se do d\u011bjin velk\u00fdm krvav\u00fdm p\u00edsmem.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zbrane-ktere-zmenily-svet-muskety-i-trebuchety\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mu\u0161kety i trebuchety aneb zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bnily sv\u011bt - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"U\u017e od doby, co prvn\u00ed opice vzala kamenem po hlav\u011b jinou opici se lidstvo sna\u017e\u00ed vynal\u00e9zat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroje, aby se mohlo navz\u00e1jem vra\u017edit a mrza\u010dit. 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