{"id":19875,"date":"2020-09-28T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-28T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=19875"},"modified":"2020-09-24T19:33:06","modified_gmt":"2020-09-24T17:33:06","slug":"trikolka-laurin-klement-lw","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/trikolka-laurin-klement-lw\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch model\u016f z historie \u0160kodovky: T\u0159\u00edkolky Laurin & Klement LW"},"content":{"rendered":"

V roce 1905 vznikl v Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi nejen prvn\u00ed automobil Voiturette A, ale tak\u00e9 kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa \u2013 t\u0159\u00edkolka Laurin & Klement typu LW. Vzadu sed\u00edc\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d sledoval provoz p\u0159es hlavy dvou pasa\u017e\u00e9r\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kryt\u00e9ho prostoru pro a\u017e 200 kg n\u00e1kladu. Vodou chlazen\u00fd jednov\u00e1lec o 5 kon\u00edch (3,7 kW) zrychlil tento velmi praktick\u00fd dopravn\u00ed prost\u0159edek s hmotnost\u00ed pouh\u00fdch 160 kg a\u017e na 40 km\/h.<\/strong><\/p>
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\u0160kodovka pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm kontinu\u00e1ln\u011b aktivn\u00edm automobilov\u00fdm zna\u010dk\u00e1m na sv\u011bt\u011b. V roce 2020 si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 125 let od chv\u00edle, kdy jej\u00ed z\u00e1klady polo\u017eili dva mlad\u00ed \u010de\u0161t\u00ed podnikatel\u00e9 a nad\u0161en\u00ed cyklist\u00e9: mechanik V\u00e1clav Laurin s knihkupcem V\u00e1clavem Klementem. V Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi za\u010d\u00ednali ve skromn\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch opravami j\u00edzdn\u00edch kol (1895), u\u017e v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm roce nab\u00eddli bicykly s vlasteneck\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm Slavia. V listopadu 1899 uvedli na trh motocykly vlastn\u00ed konstrukce, dva modely se vzduchem chlazen\u00fdm jednov\u00e1lcov\u00fdm motorem. V roce 1903 doplnil tehdy ji\u017e \u0161irokou paletu jednov\u00e1lc\u016f jeden z prvn\u00edch s\u00e9riov\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00fdch dvouv\u00e1lcov\u00fdch motocykl\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b, typ CC.<\/p>
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N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed sezona 1904 p\u0159inesla nejen zaveden\u00ed licen\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdroby vidlicov\u00fdch dvouv\u00e1lc\u016f L&K v N\u011bmecku pod n\u00e1zvem Germania \u010di debut unik\u00e1tn\u00edho \u0159adov\u00e9ho \u010dty\u0159v\u00e1lce CCCC, ale tak\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sortimentu zna\u010dky Laurin & Klement o vodou chlazen\u00e9 motory. V jejich p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b obsahovalo typov\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed p\u00edsmeno W (Wasser\/water), v\u00e1lcovit\u00fd chladi\u010d s jemn\u00fdmi \u017eebry obep\u00ednal r\u00e1m v m\u00edst\u011b hlavy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00edm v po\u0159ad\u00ed se stal jednov\u00e1lcov\u00fd model LW na b\u00e1zi nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edho modelu L, \u0161estistovka dosahuj\u00edc\u00ed rychlosti a\u017e 70 km\/h. V obdob\u00ed 1903-1905 se pro ni rozhodlo deset z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f oproti 965 odb\u011bratel\u016fm z\u00e1kladn\u00edho vzduchem chlazen\u00e9ho \u201eelka\u201c.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0158e\u0161en\u00ed s chladi\u010dem se motocyklist\u016fm z\u0159ejm\u011b zd\u00e1lo zbyte\u010dn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9. Jeho p\u0159\u00ednos vynikl a\u017e u t\u0159\u00edkolek, kde sed\u00edc\u00ed pasa\u017e\u00e9\u0159i \u010di n\u00e1kladov\u00fd prostor nad p\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1pravou omezili p\u0159\u00edstup chladic\u00edho vzduchu k motoru. Ten se ocitl p\u0159ed lich\u00fdm zadn\u00edm kolem, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzem. (v nab\u00eddce zna\u010dky byla v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm obdob\u00ed i t\u0159\u00edkolka se dv\u011bma koly vzadu a jedn\u00edm p\u0159edn\u00edm, \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm.)<\/p>
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Na cest\u011b od samostatn\u00e9ho motocyklu k t\u0159\u00edkolce bylo t\u0159eba p\u0159ekonat je\u0161t\u011b jednu p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku. S rostouc\u00edm zdvihov\u00fdm objemem motor\u016f L&K, dosahuj\u00edc\u00edm ji\u017e 0,8 litru, se z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u011bt\u0161il odpor kladen\u00fd pohonnou jednotkou p\u0159i startov\u00e1n\u00ed roztla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm, lidov\u011b \u201eroztrapov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c. Jezdci usnadnila tla\u010den\u00ed p\u00e1\u010dka dekompresoru, udr\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdfukov\u00fd ventil nucen\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd a sni\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed tak odpor ve v\u00e1lci. Po uvoln\u011bn\u00ed p\u00e1\u010dky motor z\u00edskal kompresi a nasko\u010dil. Op\u011btovn\u00fdm stisknut\u00edm dekompresoru \u0161lo zastavit, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b v mezipoloze do\u010dasn\u011b zm\u00edrnit rychlost, ani\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba regulovat karburaci.<\/p>
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Ale uv\u00e9st do chodu v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed motocykly s postrann\u00edm, z\u00e1v\u011bsn\u00fdm nebo vp\u0159edu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm voz\u00edkem pro spolucestuj\u00edc\u00edho, na to u\u017e dekompresor nesta\u010dil \u2013 a ne v\u017edy bylo kolem dost osob ochotn\u00fdch tla\u010dit. Proto mladoboleslav\u0161t\u00ed konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i veden\u00ed V\u00e1clavem Laurinem do n\u00e1boje zadn\u00edho kola zabudovali volnob\u011b\u017eku, spojku a dvoustup\u0148ovou p\u0159evodovku, tak\u017ee motor bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 nastartovat u stoj\u00edc\u00edho vozidla a teprve pot\u00e9 se rozjet.<\/p>
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\"T\u0159\u00edkolka<\/figure>
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Tato inovace umo\u017enila nab\u00eddnout z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016fm z \u0159ad drobn\u00fdch \u017eivnostn\u00edk\u016f i st\u00e1tn\u00edch po\u0161tovn\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f velmi praktick\u00e1 a obratn\u00e1 u\u017eitkov\u00e1 vozidla. \u0160lo bu\u010f o motocykl s n\u00e1kladn\u00edm sidecarem nebo rovnou t\u0159\u00edkolky zkonstruovan\u00e9 z osv\u011bd\u010den\u00fdch komponent\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tyto novinky zna\u010dky Laurin & Klement za\u010dali po\u0161tovn\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci pou\u017e\u00edvat k doprav\u011b z\u00e1silek nejd\u0159\u00edve ve V\u00eddni, pot\u00e9 i v Budape\u0161ti a Praze.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Dochoval se z\u00e1znam o tom, \u017ee nap\u0159\u00edklad dne 20. \u010dervna 1906 dok\u00e1zal motorizovan\u00fd z\u0159\u00edzenec, jist\u00fd pan Kundert, vybrat z\u00e1silky z 37 pra\u017esk\u00fdch po\u0161tovn\u00edch schr\u00e1nek b\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch 58 minut \u2013 oproti dv\u011bma a p\u016fl hodin\u00e1m, kter\u00e9 stejn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce zabrala kolegovi \u2013 p\u011b\u0161\u00e1kovi. V roce 1908 zam\u00ed\u0159ila s\u00e9rie t\u0159\u00edkolek a motocykl\u016f s n\u00e1kladn\u00edmi sidecary a\u017e do Mexika.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Vlajkov\u00e1 lo\u010f \u0160kodovky slav\u00ed narozeniny aneb 85 let modelu Superb<\/a><\/h4>
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V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b tricykl\u016f se jednalo o model Laurin & Klement LW, kter\u00fd se v\u0161ak od star\u0161\u00edho stejnojmenn\u00e9ho motocyklu li\u0161il v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm jednov\u00e1lcem 780 cm3 s v\u00fdkonem 5 kon\u00ed (3,7 kW). Vodn\u00ed chladi\u010d, po stran\u00e1ch se dv\u011bma stojat\u00fdmi bohat\u011b \u017eebrovan\u00fdmi \u010dleny, se nach\u00e1zel p\u0159ed motorem. Ob\u011bh kapaliny byl samo\u010dinn\u00fd \u2013 \u201etermosifonov\u00fd\u201c. \u010c\u00edm v\u00edce se motor zah\u0159\u00edval, t\u00edm proudila voda rychleji: hork\u00e1 vzh\u016fru vp\u0159ed do chladi\u010de, ochlazen\u00e1 se spodem vracela do motoru. Na teplot\u011b byl z\u00e1visl\u00fd i karbur\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd se obe\u0161el bez trysky. Palivov\u00e1 sm\u011bs toti\u017e vznikala voln\u00fdm odpa\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm lehk\u00e9ho benzinu z hladiny v n\u00e1dr\u017ece, v l\u00e9t\u011b rychleji, za chladna pomaleji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"T\u0159\u00edkolka<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 zapalov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo vlastn\u00ed konstrukce L&K, s n\u00edzkonap\u011b\u0165ov\u00fdm elektromagnetick\u00fdm induktorem a odtrhova\u010dem. Maz\u00e1n\u00ed motoru obstaral \u0159idi\u010d ru\u010dn\u00ed pumpi\u010dkou, pozd\u011bji se pou\u017e\u00edvalo sp\u00ed\u0161e samo\u010dinn\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s nastavitelnou rychlost\u00ed postupn\u00e9ho odkap\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed oleje, veden\u00e9ho pak trubi\u010dkami k nejnam\u00e1han\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u016fm pohonn\u00e9 jednotky.<\/p>
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Z\u00e1klad t\u0159\u00edkolky L&K typu LW tvo\u0159il tuh\u00fd trubkov\u00fd r\u00e1m. P\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1pravu s rozchodem 1150 mm nesla dvojice p\u016fleliptick\u00fdch listov\u00fdch per, rozvor \u010dinil 1650 mm. Hnan\u00e9 zadn\u00ed kolo bylo neodpru\u017een\u00e9, \u0159idi\u010d m\u011bl ale k dispozici pohodln\u00e9 motocyklov\u00e9 sedlo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edkolka v\u00e1\u017eila 160 kg, krom\u011b mu\u017ee za \u0159id\u00edtky byla schopn\u00e1 p\u0159epravit dv\u011b osoby na vp\u0159edu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9m k\u016f\u017e\u00ed \u010daloun\u011bn\u00e9m dvousedadle s loketn\u00edmi op\u011brkami.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ovit\u00e1 podl\u00e1\u017eka z plechu \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b chr\u00e1nila nohy p\u0159ed vodou a bl\u00e1tem. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b u\u017eitkov\u00e9ho proveden\u00ed s u\u017eite\u010dnou hmotnost\u00ed 200 kg se p\u0159ed chladi\u010dem nach\u00e1zela uzav\u0159en\u00e1 sk\u0159\u00ed\u0148ov\u00e1 n\u00e1stavba, na v\u00edku s trubkovou \u201ezahr\u00e1dkou\u201c pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed zavazadla.<\/p>
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\"T\u0159\u00edkolka<\/figure>
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T\u0159\u00edkolka LW figurovala v nab\u00eddce mladoboleslavsk\u00e9 zna\u010dky v letech 1905-1911. U prvn\u00ed v\u00fdrobn\u00ed s\u00e9rie p\u016fsobila p\u00e1sov\u00e1 brzda pouze na zadn\u00ed kolo, pozd\u011bji byla brzd\u011bna ji\u017e v\u0161echna kola. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 osobn\u00ed proveden\u00ed t\u0159\u00edkolky mohou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci obdivovat v expozici \u0160koda Muzea v Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi<\/a>, kam je zap\u016fj\u010deno ze sb\u00edrek N\u00e1rodn\u00edho technick\u00e9ho muzea v Praze. Od standardn\u00edho proveden\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed dobov\u00fdmi \u00fapravami proveden\u00fdmi v d\u00edln\u011b Franti\u0161ka Poustky, kter\u00fd se na pra\u017esk\u00fdch Vinohradech zab\u00fdval v\u00fdrobou a servisem motocykl\u016f. Do sou\u010dasnosti se z\u0159ejm\u011b dochovaly pouze t\u0159i exempl\u00e1\u0159e t\u0159\u00edkolek L&K LW plus jeden samostatn\u00fd motor. Holt t\u0159\u00edkolka je nedostatkov\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed!<\/p>
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V p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm d\u00edle na\u0161eho seri\u00e1lu o m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch modelech automobilky \u0160koda se m\u016f\u017eete t\u011b\u0161it na v\u016fz Laurin & Klement E \u201e\u010cern\u00e1 Hora\u201c (1908-1909).<\/strong><\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed j\u00edzda historickou Prahou: Video, kter\u00e9 v\u00e1s vezme do minulosti<\/a><\/h4>
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V roce 1905 vznikl v Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi nejen prvn\u00ed automobil Voiturette A, ale tak\u00e9 kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa \u2013 t\u0159\u00edkolka Laurin & Klement typu LW. Vzadu sed\u00edc\u00ed \u0159idi\u010d sledoval provoz p\u0159es hlavy dvou pasa\u017e\u00e9r\u016f, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b kryt\u00e9ho prostoru pro a\u017e 200 kg n\u00e1kladu. Vodou chlazen\u00fd jednov\u00e1lec o 5 kon\u00edch (3,7 kW) zrychlil tento velmi praktick\u00fd dopravn\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":19876,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69,387],"tags":[585,82,462,724,87,3666,3089,1548,1711,1715,1716,3665],"class_list":["post-19875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-auto-moto","category-historie","tag-auta","tag-auto","tag-auto-moto","tag-automobil","tag-historie","tag-laurin-klement-lw","tag-laurin-a-klement","tag-model","tag-skoda","tag-skoda-auto","tag-skodovka","tag-trikolka"],"yoast_head":"\nP\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch model\u016f z historie \u0160kodovky: T\u0159\u00edkolky Laurin & Klement LW - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V roce 1905 vznikl v Mlad\u00e9 Boleslavi nejen prvn\u00ed automobil, ale tak\u00e9 kompaktn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a dostupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativa \u2013 t\u0159\u00edkolka Laurin & Klement typu LW.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/trikolka-laurin-klement-lw\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy m\u00e9n\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch model\u016f z historie \u0160kodovky: T\u0159\u00edkolky Laurin & Klement LW - 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