{"id":20676,"date":"2021-08-31T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-31T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=20676"},"modified":"2021-05-14T14:54:38","modified_gmt":"2021-05-14T12:54:38","slug":"meteority-jako-hrozba-z-vesmiru-uz-se-to-stalo-a-stane-se-to-znova","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/meteority-jako-hrozba-z-vesmiru-uz-se-to-stalo-a-stane-se-to-znova\/","title":{"rendered":"Meteority jako hrozba z vesm\u00edru: U\u017e se to stalo a stane se to znova"},"content":{"rendered":"

S meteority se lidstvo setk\u00e1valo po celou dobu sv\u00e9 existence. Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 jsou i historicky dolo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o jejich p\u00e1dech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kosmick\u00fd p\u016fvod byl meteorit\u016fm p\u0159izn\u00e1n a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>
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V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b laik\u016f nen\u00ed jasn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi pojmy meteor, meteorid a meteorit. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: meteor je sv\u011bteln\u00e1 stopa vznikl\u00e1 pr\u016fletem meteoroidu atmosf\u00e9rou planety, meteorid je t\u011bleso vznikl\u00e9 obvykle fragmentac\u00ed planetek hlavn\u00edho planetkov\u00e9ho p\u00e1su mezi Marsem a Jupiterem, kter\u00e9 se pohybuje v meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edm prostoru a meteorit je t\u011bleso poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z meziplanet\u00e1rn\u00edho prostoru (poz\u016fstatek po meteoroidu), kter\u00e9 se srazilo s planetou, p\u0159e\u017eilo pr\u016flet atmosf\u00e9rou a dopadlo a\u017e na povrch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed jsou meteority kamenn\u00e9 \u2013 tvo\u0159\u00ed 94 % v\u0161ech t\u011bles dopadaj\u00edc\u00edch na Zemi. V naprost\u00e9 men\u0161in\u011b jsou meteority \u017eelezn\u00e9, p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jadern\u00fd materi\u00e1l vznikl\u00fd v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch v\u00fdvoje pevn\u00fdch t\u011bles.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Tak jako tak po nich z\u016fstane p\u0159i dopadu na Zemi bu\u010f mal\u00e1 jamka, nebo obrovsk\u00fd kr\u00e1ter. P\u0159i pr\u016fletu atmosf\u00e9rou ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed meteority velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 hmotnosti, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee po dopadu nemaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed rozm\u011bry. Cestou v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e se toti\u017e povrch \u00falomk\u016f zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b tav\u00ed.<\/p>
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\"Meteority\"<\/figure>
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Ro\u010dn\u011b na na\u0161i Zemi dopadne kolem 5 000 \u2013 17 000 tun meteorick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, co\u017e je pom\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed. Za rok 1985 bylo jen ve sb\u00edrk\u00e1ch muze\u00ed ulo\u017eeno neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 2500 meteorit\u016f. Ov\u0161em je t\u0159eba myslet na to, \u017ee z jednoho p\u00e1du meteoritu m\u016f\u017ee poch\u00e1zet v\u00edce \u00falomk\u016f, co\u017e je tzv. meteorick\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165<\/strong>.<\/p>
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Meteorit, kter\u00fd vstupuje do na\u0161\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry, m\u00e1 rychlost men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 20 kilometr\u016f za sekundu a z\u00e1\u0159it za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ve v\u00fd\u0161ce kolem 130 kilometr\u016f. Sv\u011btlo meteoritu je velmi jasn\u00e9 a pohas\u00edn\u00e1 ve v\u00fd\u0161ce okolo 25 km. Tam je meteorit zbrzd\u011bn odporem vzduchu a pad\u00e1 na Zemi voln\u00fdm p\u00e1dem.<\/p>
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Jak u\u017e bylo \u0159e\u010deno, lidstvo se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s dopady vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch t\u011bles od nepam\u011bti. K nejstar\u0161\u00edm zmapovan\u00fdm dopad\u016fm pat\u0159\u00ed kus, kter\u00fd dopadl 7. listopadu 1492 v n\u011bmeck\u00e9m Alsasku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00edsa\u0159 Maxmili\u00e1n I. jej dal p\u0159ikovat na \u0159et\u011bzech v kostele a nechal k n\u011bmu p\u0159ipojit n\u00e1pis: \u201eO tomto kuse v\u011bd\u00ed mnoz\u00ed mnoho, ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u011bco, ale nikdo nev\u00ed v\u0161e.\u201c Tato slova neztratila svou platnost ani dnes.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1du tohoto meteoritu bylo vyu\u017eito i propagandisticky pro chystanou v\u00fdpravu proti Turk\u016fm, klan\u00edc\u00edm se shodou okolnost\u00ed jin\u00e9mu meteoritu v Mekce. Ov\u0161em podn\u011bt k v\u011bdeck\u00e9mu b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed po p\u016fvodu t\u011bchto vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch t\u011bles dal a\u017e roku 1803 meteoritick\u00fd roj, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil dopad asi 2000 kamenn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic pobl\u00ed\u017e francouzsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta L\u00b4Aigle. Okolnosti dopadu pro\u0161et\u0159ovala komise Francouzsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd<\/a>.<\/p>
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\"Meteority\"<\/figure>
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Energii nutnou k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed dopadov\u00fdch kr\u00e1ter\u016f lze vy\u010d\u00edslit z velikosti kr\u00e1ter\u016f. Pro podm\u00ednky M\u011bs\u00edce jsou v\u00fdpo\u010dty velmi p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u2013 na rozd\u00edl od Zem\u011b tam chyb\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ra, kter\u00e1 by meteor brzdila. Lze tedy vy\u010d\u00edslit i hmotnost koliduj\u00edc\u00edho t\u011blesa. Je logick\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdvoj Zem\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 odli\u0161n\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e1koliv koncentrovan\u00e1 hmota, p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed hustotu vody, vytvo\u0159\u00ed po dopadu na zemsk\u00fd povrch, let\u00ed-li rychlost\u00ed 14 a\u017e 45 kilometr\u016f za vte\u0159inu, kr\u00e1ter, jeho\u017e rozm\u011bry jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na hmotnosti dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho t\u011blesa.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Do sou\u010dasnosti bylo na zemsk\u00e9m povrchu identifikov\u00e1no asi 130 kr\u00e1ter\u016f s rozm\u011bry do 200 kilometr\u016f a se st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm od doby ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 a\u017e do 2 miliard let. Nejv\u00edce kr\u00e1ter\u016f je v Austr\u00e1lii, Severn\u00ed Americe a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorie II: Vesm\u00edr a mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9<\/a><\/h4>
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Mezi nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kr\u00e1ter pat\u0159\u00ed tzv. Meteor Crater<\/strong> v severn\u00ed Arizon\u011b (naz\u00fdvan\u00fd t\u00e9\u017e Barringer\u016fv kr\u00e1ter \u010di kr\u00e1ter Diablo). 1200 metr\u016f \u0161irok\u00fd a 170 metr\u016f hlubok\u00fd kr\u00e1ter vznikl dopadem \u017eelezn\u00e9ho meteoritu p\u0159ed asi 50 000 lety, uprost\u0159ed doby ledov\u00e9. Uvoln\u011bn\u00e1 energie dos\u00e1hla ekvivalentu 2000-n\u00e1sobku energie Hiro\u0161imsk\u00e9 atomov\u00e9 bomby. D\u016fsledky dopadu byly obrovsk\u00e9 \u2013 do vzd\u00e1lenosti 10 kilometr\u016f se\u017eehla ter\u00e9n vlna roz\u017ehaven\u00fdch plyn\u016f, tlakov\u00e1 vlna o rychlosti 2000 km\/h smetla v\u0161echno do vzd\u00e1lenosti 24 kilometr\u016f a v\u00edtr o s\u00edle hurik\u00e1nu dosp\u011bl a\u017e do 40kilometrov\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. S meteority holt nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 legrace.<\/p>
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\"Meteority\"<\/figure>
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Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm zdokumentovan\u00fdm p\u00e1dem asteroidu je zat\u00edm Tunguzsk\u00fd meteorit<\/strong>. Toto t\u011bleso explodovalo v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e 30. \u010dervna 1908 nad oblast\u00ed kolem \u0159eky Tunguzka na Sibi\u0159i. Evropan\u00e9 tehdy zaznamenali neobvykle jasnou oblohu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Noviny New York Times nap\u0159\u00edklad psaly, \u017ee v Lond\u00fdn\u011b byla p\u016flno\u010dn\u00ed obloha sv\u011btle modr\u00e1 a mraky byly zbarveny do r\u016f\u017eova tak v\u00fdrazn\u011b, \u017ee na policejn\u00ed \u0159editelstv\u00ed volali lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed si mysleli, \u017ee na severu Lond\u00fdna zu\u0159\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r. Objevily se i zpr\u00e1vy o tom, \u017ee se dalo po p\u016flnoci bez obt\u00ed\u017e\u00ed \u010d\u00edst bez osv\u011btlen\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z barometr\u016f v Cambridge i na jin\u00fdch m\u00edstech uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee atmosf\u00e9rou Zem\u011b prol\u00e9tla tlakov\u00e1 vlna a ob\u011bhla celou planetu. Zvuk exploze byl sly\u0161iteln\u00fd do vzd\u00e1lenosti 600 kilometr\u016f od epicentra.<\/p>
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\"Meteority\"<\/figure>
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Dvacet let pot\u00e9 se na ono m\u00edsto dostala v\u00fdzkumn\u00e1 expedice veden\u00e1 Leonidem Kulikem. Ten o\u010dek\u00e1val, \u017ee na m\u00edst\u011b dopadu objev\u00ed velk\u00fd meteorit a kr\u00e1ter j\u00edm vytvo\u0159en\u00fd. Objevil v\u0161ak pouze rozlehlou oblast vyvr\u00e1cen\u00fdch a pol\u00e1man\u00fdch strom\u016f, m\u00ed\u0159\u00edc\u00edch radi\u00e1ln\u011b od epicentra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u0161iml si tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00edch zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed \u2013 k\u016fra strom\u016f byla zuhelnat\u011bl\u00e1, ale nesho\u0159ela cel\u00e1. Vysv\u011btlen\u00ed je takov\u00e9, \u017ee intenzita z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159i detonaci ve v\u00fd\u0161ce 6 a\u017e 10 kilometr\u016f byla dostate\u010dn\u00e1 k tomu, aby zap\u00e1lila les, ale n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed tlakov\u00e1 vlna uhasila po\u017e\u00e1r, jen chvilku pot\u00e9, co byl zap\u00e1len.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Odhadovan\u00e1 velikost asteroidu, kter\u00fd zp\u016fsobil Tunguzskou explozi, je asi 50 a\u017e 60 metr\u016f.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mimozem\u0161\u0165an\u00e9 mohou \u017e\u00edt 33 tis\u00edc sv\u011bteln\u00fdch let od Zem\u011b. Pro\u010d jsme je je\u0161t\u011b nena\u0161li?<\/a><\/h4>
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Ned\u00e1vno dopadl velk\u00fd meteorit v indick\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b Orissa<\/strong>. Stalo se tak v roce 2003 a p\u0159i pr\u016fletu oz\u00e1\u0159il krajinu \u201edenn\u00edm\u201c sv\u011btlem. P\u0159ed dopadem do\u0161lo k fragmentaci a \u010d\u00e1sti \u010di doprovodn\u00e1 tlakov\u00e1 vlna po\u0161kodily n\u011bkolik dom\u016f. Dle posledn\u00edch zpr\u00e1v byly nalezeny dva fragmenty o v\u00e1ze 5 kilogram\u016f. Agenturn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy uvedly t\u0159i zran\u011bn\u00e9 a jednoho mrtv\u00e9ho (zem\u0159el v nemocnici na n\u00e1sledky \u0161oku). S nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed ale nebyl nikdo zran\u011bn p\u0159\u00edmo dopadaj\u00edc\u00edm meteoritem.<\/p>
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\"Meteority\"<\/figure>
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Roku 2004 dopadl na \u00fazem\u00ed m\u011bsta B\u00e1bol<\/strong> na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e meteorit. P\u00e1d, kter\u00fd se odehr\u00e1l asi 1 kilometr od obytn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny, zp\u016fsobil men\u0161\u00ed hmotn\u00e9 \u0161kody na budov\u00e1ch a byl obyvateli m\u011bsta poci\u0165ov\u00e1n jako ot\u0159esy p\u016fdy. V\u0161e se obe\u0161lo bez ztr\u00e1t na \u017eivotech, mezi obyvatelstvem v\u0161ak vypukla panika.<\/p>
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O tom, \u017ee vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 t\u011blesa bezprost\u0159edn\u011b ohro\u017euj\u00ed i lidsk\u00e1 obydl\u00ed, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f Brandy Archeov\u00e9<\/strong> z Nov\u00e9ho Z\u00e9landu: \u201eByla jsem zrovna v kuchyni, kdy\u017e se ozvala ohromn\u00e1 r\u00e1na. Vypadalo to, jako by bouchla bomba. Nic jsem nevid\u011bla, v\u0161ude kolem v\u00ed\u0159il prach.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u016fm rodiny Archerov\u00fdch zas\u00e1hl dne 13. \u010dervna 2004 meteorit o v\u00e1ze 1,3 kg. Prorazil st\u0159echu a nezbrzdila ho ani pohovka. Stalo se tak okolo 9 hodiny rann\u00ed, kdy si man\u017eel Brandy v\u0161imnul kamene zara\u017een\u00e9ho do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, kter\u00fd byl na dotyk velmi hork\u00fd.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Odborn\u00edk na meteority z Aucklandsk\u00e9 univerzity Joel Schiff pova\u017euje k\u00e1men, kter\u00fd zpusto\u0161il d\u016fm man\u017eel\u016f za \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed poklad\u201c a vyj\u00e1d\u0159il se v tom smyslu, \u017ee za n\u011bj budou sb\u011bratel\u00e9 z cel\u00e9ho sv\u011bta nab\u00edzet slu\u0161n\u00e9 sumy. Archerovi si tud\u00ed\u017e nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nemusej\u00ed d\u011blat hlavu s n\u00e1hradou \u0161kody, jen\u017e zp\u016fsobil miliony let star\u00fd k\u00e1men.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Konec sv\u011bta? Tohle jsou nejpravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed apokalyptick\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e<\/a><\/h4>
","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S meteority se lidstvo setk\u00e1valo po celou dobu sv\u00e9 existence. Pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 jsou i historicky dolo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o jejich p\u00e1dech, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e kosmick\u00fd p\u016fvod byl meteorit\u016fm p\u0159izn\u00e1n a\u017e na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161in\u011b laik\u016f nen\u00ed jasn\u00fd rozd\u00edl mezi pojmy meteor, meteorid a meteorit. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: meteor je sv\u011bteln\u00e1 stopa vznikl\u00e1 pr\u016fletem meteoroidu atmosf\u00e9rou planety, meteorid je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20680,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[386,67],"tags":[593,3292,2190,3772,3770,1919,3771,2526,2974,3732,35,3294,110,3769],"class_list":["post-20676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-obalu","category-veda","tag-bez-obalu","tag-hrozba","tag-katastrofa","tag-meteorit","tag-meteority","tag-pad","tag-pad-meteoritu","tag-planeta-zeme","tag-srazka","tag-stret","tag-veda","tag-veda-a-technika","tag-vesmir","tag-vesmirna-telesa"],"yoast_head":"\nMeteority jako hrozba z vesm\u00edru: U\u017e se to stalo a stane se to znova - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S meteority se lidstvo setk\u00e1valo po celou dobu sv\u00e9 existence. 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