{"id":20725,"date":"2023-11-24T19:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T18:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=20725"},"modified":"2023-11-24T19:57:50","modified_gmt":"2023-11-24T18:57:50","slug":"zvireci-kosmonauti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zvireci-kosmonauti\/","title":{"rendered":"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosmonauti? Tohle jsou opravdov\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edci cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do vesm\u00edru!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00edm pozem\u0161\u0165anem ve vesm\u00edru nebyl Jurij Alexejevi\u010d Gagarin, dokonce to nebyl v\u016fbec \u010dlov\u011bk. \u00dapln\u011b prvn\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010dichy, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edvali ze Zem\u011b do kosmu, byly toti\u017e ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 mu\u0161ky octomilky!<\/strong><\/p>
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Octomilky byly vysl\u00e1ny do vesm\u00edru v roce 1946 v americk\u00e9 raket\u011b V2, aby prov\u011b\u0159ily \u00fa\u010dinky radiace na \u017eiv\u00fd organismus. Pozd\u011bji se na palub\u00e1ch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch lod\u00ed pod\u00edvali do kosmu i psi, opice, ko\u010dky a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e1 cestovatelka se dlouhou dobu potulovala v moskevsk\u00fdch ulic\u00edch. Prov\u00e1zela ji zima a hlad. Pot\u00e9 se j\u00ed ujmou lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ji dob\u0159e krm\u00ed, hraj\u00ed si s n\u00ed, ale budou za to od n\u00ed n\u011bco cht\u00edt\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bdci specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na leteckou medic\u00ednu vybrali nejprve \u010dty\u0159i ps\u00ed kandid\u00e1ty na let do vesm\u00edru na palub\u011b Sputniku 2. A nejedn\u00e1 se o speci\u00e1ln\u011b \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00e9 druhy \u2013 jsou to doslova pouli\u010dn\u00ed moskev\u0161t\u00ed vo\u0159\u00ed\u0161ci<\/strong>. Ti se na tuto misi hodili nejv\u00edce, proto\u017ee jsou velice p\u0159izp\u016fsobiv\u00ed. Tito mal\u00ed tul\u00e1ci si toti\u017e za\u017eili sv\u00e9, proto jsou ochotn\u00ed sn\u00e1\u0161et r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed t\u011b\u017ekosti a pracovat klidn\u011b za k\u016frku chleba. \u010cistokrevn\u00ed psi jsou zbyte\u010dn\u011b rozmazlen\u00ed.<\/p>
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Lajka, ps\u00ed sle\u010dna kosmounatka<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Lajka<\/strong> tak nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm kandid\u00e1tem letu na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu. M\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b t\u0159i konkurenty. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich maj\u00ed u\u017e dokonce odl\u00e9t\u00e1no kolem 100 kilometr\u016f na raket\u00e1ch pro v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 lety. Jeden z nich p\u0159i t\u011bchto experimentech dokonce um\u00edr\u00e1.<\/p>
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Volba nakonec pad\u00e1 na Lajku, z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edkem byla Alb\u00edna. Po v\u0161ech pot\u0159ebn\u00fdch testech a p\u0159\u00edprav\u00e1ch p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed den startu. Dne 3. listopadu 1957 z kosmodromu, pozd\u011bji zvan\u00e9ho Bajkonur<\/strong>, odstartovala na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu raketa, kter\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m h\u0159bet\u011b nesla dru\u017eici Sputnik 2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na monitorech se ukazuje, \u017ee Lajce se zv\u00fd\u0161il tep a frekvence dechu je skoro trojn\u00e1sobn\u00e1 oproti norm\u00e1lu. Kardiogram zat\u00edm \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny neuk\u00e1zal. L\u00e9ka\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed d\u011blaj\u00ed testy, si p\u0159ej\u00ed, aby Lajka vydr\u017eela alespo\u0148 p\u011bt dn\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ps\u00ed sle\u010dna ale stav bezt\u00ed\u017ee \u0161patn\u011b sn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed a nesnesiteln\u00fd stres ji poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1. Nav\u00edc se zvy\u0161uje vlhkost a mno\u017estv\u00ed oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Asi za p\u011bt hodin pobytu ve vesm\u00edru u\u017e lajka nevykazuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky \u017eivota<\/strong>. Teplota 40 \u00b0C pro ni byla nesnesiteln\u00e1, doslova se uvnit\u0159 uva\u0159ila. Ov\u0161em n\u00e1vrat Lajky na Zemi stejn\u011b nebyl pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n.<\/p>
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\u0160impanz\u00ed kosmonaut Ham<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm slavn\u00fdm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm kosmonautem byl \u0161impanz Ham. Dne 31. ledna 1961 byl pe\u010dliv\u011b usazen do sv\u00e9 kosmick\u00e9 kabiny. M\u011bl na sob\u011b speci\u00e1ln\u00ed oblek, aby se p\u0159i letu nezranil a je tak\u00e9 je\u0161t\u011b zabezpe\u010den bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi p\u00e1sy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zam\u011bstnanci americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na mysu Canaveral si p\u0159ej\u00ed, aby Ham celou misi p\u0159e\u017eil a vr\u00e1til se v po\u0159\u00e1dku zp\u00e1tky na zem.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0160impanz\u00ed astronaut Ham<\/strong> (tak\u00e9 se mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Kosmo\u0161impanz) je ze Zem\u011b pe\u010dliv\u011b kontrolov\u00e1n. V\u0161echny jeho \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce jsou vid\u011bt na monitorech pozemsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny. Kdy\u017e se mu poda\u0159\u00ed vylet\u011bt nahoru a p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt, mus\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b bezpe\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ist\u00e1t v mo\u0159i. V\u0161e se da\u0159\u00ed, akor\u00e1t je b\u011bhem letu trochu probl\u00e9m s klesaj\u00edc\u00edm tlakem, ale Ham se d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00edmu skafandru nem\u00e1 \u010deho b\u00e1t. Hamova schr\u00e1nka svi\u0161t\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou, a\u017e nakonec spadne do vln Atlantick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu. Tam ho asi za den najde z\u00e1chrann\u00e1 lo\u010f. Opi\u010d\u00e1k p\u0159e\u017eil a je za hrdinu!<\/strong> Je prvn\u00edm lidoopem, kter\u00fd se dostal do kosmick\u00e9ho prostoru.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Kolik st\u00e1la mise na M\u011bs\u00edc? Legend\u00e1rn\u00ed Apollo 11 v \u010d\u00edslech<\/a><\/h4>
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Po legend\u00e1rn\u00edm letu \u017eije Ham je\u0161t\u011b 17 let v N\u00e1rodn\u00ed zoologick\u00e9 zahrad\u011b ve Washingtonu a potom je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das v ZOO v Severn\u00ed Karol\u00edn\u011b, kde ve v\u011bku 26 let um\u00edr\u00e1. Nutno \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee na \u0161impanze je to zhruba polovina v\u011bku, kter\u00e9ho se m\u016f\u017ee do\u017e\u00edt. Po proveden\u00e9 pitv\u011b je t\u011blo Hama se v\u0161emi poctami zpopeln\u011bno v Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edni vesm\u00edrn\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy v Alamogordu v Nov\u00e9m Mexiku, kde se nach\u00e1z\u00ed i jeho pam\u011btn\u00ed deska.<\/p>
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Ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed kosmonauti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm z\u00e1stupcem vybran\u00fdm tentokr\u00e1t francouzsk\u00fdmi v\u011bdci pro let do kosmu byl kocour Felix<\/strong>. On, jeho kolegyn\u011b F\u00e9licette a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch ko\u010dek muselo proj\u00edt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdcvikem. Absolvuj\u00ed tlakovou komoru a zato\u010d\u00ed se na centrifuze. Deset z nich je vylou\u010deno, proto\u017ee moc jed\u00ed. Z\u016fstane jen Felix a F\u00e9licette<\/strong>. Nakonec je v\u0161ak pro prvn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fd ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed let vybr\u00e1n Felix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V p\u00e1tek 18. \u0159\u00edjna 1963 francouzsk\u00e1 raketa V\u00e9ronique AG1 vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed ve \u0161pici speci\u00e1ln\u00ed schr\u00e1nku s \u201eko\u010dkonautem\u201c. Startuje z kosmodromu, um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9m v al\u017e\u00edrsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Sahary. Jeho mise trv\u00e1 jen necel\u00fdch 15 minut.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Na Zemi v pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9m centru v\u011bdci p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed neurologick\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly z elektrod, implantovan\u00fdch do jeho mozku. Felix sice nelet\u00ed a\u017e na ob\u011b\u017enou dr\u00e1hu, ale na Zemi se pomoc\u00ed pad\u00e1ku vrac\u00ed z v\u00fd\u0161ky 160 km a v po\u0159\u00e1dku p\u0159ist\u00e1v\u00e1. V\u011bdci pot\u00e9 prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, \u017ee Felix v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k francouzsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdzkumu vesm\u00edru. N\u011bkter\u00e9 spekulace se ale zmi\u0148uj\u00ed o tom, \u017ee t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed startem Felix prch\u00e1 z kokpitu a m\u00edsto n\u011bj used\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b F\u00e9licitte. Kdo byl skute\u010dn\u011b prvn\u00edm ko\u010di\u010d\u00edm kosmonautem, se u\u017e asi nikdy nedozv\u00edme.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Blog: St\u00e1l\u00e1 stanice na M\u011bs\u00edci z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 snem<\/a><\/h4>

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Dal\u0161\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edmi kosmonauty jsou pavouci a hmyz<\/strong>. V roce 2003 je raketopl\u00e1n Columbia vynesl do vesm\u00edru v r\u00e1mci mise STS-107 a spole\u010dnost jim tam d\u011blali mravenci, krysy, v\u010dely, mal\u00e9 rybi\u010dky a dal\u0161\u00ed. C\u00edlem v\u00fdzkumu bylo sledovat vliv stavu mikrogravitace na \u017eiv\u00e9 organismy a jejich \u017eivotn\u00ed funkce. Raketopl\u00e1n Columbia<\/strong> b\u011bhem p\u0159ist\u00e1vac\u00edho man\u00e9vru havaroval a v\u0161ech sedm \u010dlen\u016f lidsk\u00e9 pos\u00e1dky zahyne<\/strong>. Jen jeden \u010dlen zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed pos\u00e1dky to ale p\u0159e\u017eije \u2013 h\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tko obecn\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvn\u00edm pozem\u0161\u0165anem ve vesm\u00edru nebyl Jurij Alexejevi\u010d Gagarin, dokonce to nebyl v\u016fbec \u010dlov\u011bk. \u00dapln\u011b prvn\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010dichy, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edvali ze Zem\u011b do kosmu, byly toti\u017e ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 mu\u0161ky octomilky! Octomilky byly vysl\u00e1ny do vesm\u00edru v roce 1946 v americk\u00e9 raket\u011b V2, aby prov\u011b\u0159ily \u00fa\u010dinky radiace na \u017eiv\u00fd organismus. Pozd\u011bji se na palub\u00e1ch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch lod\u00ed pod\u00edvali do […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":20727,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,296,25,67],"tags":[3776,3783,3779,87,3782,3774,2592,3780,3778,3777,2567,253,298,3775,3781,35,110,1538,297,739,3773],"class_list":["post-20725","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-priroda","category-style","category-veda","tag-cesty-do-vesmiru","tag-felix","tag-ham","tag-historie","tag-kocour","tag-kosmonauti","tag-kosmonautika","tag-lajka","tag-lety-do-vesmiru","tag-objevovani-vesmiru","tag-opice","tag-pes","tag-priroda","tag-prukopnici","tag-sputnik","tag-veda","tag-vesmir","tag-zajimavosti","tag-zvirata","tag-zvire","tag-zvireci-kosmonauti"],"yoast_head":"\nZv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosmonauti? Tohle jsou opravdov\u00ed pr\u016fkopn\u00edci cestov\u00e1n\u00ed do vesm\u00edru! - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prvn\u00edm pozem\u0161\u0165anem ve vesm\u00edru nebyl Jurij Alexejevi\u010d Gagarin, dokonce to nebyl v\u016fbec \u010dlov\u011bk. \u00dapln\u011b prvn\u00edmi \u017eivo\u010dichy, kte\u0159\u00ed se pod\u00edvali ze Zem\u011b do kosmu, byly toti\u017e ban\u00e1nov\u00e9 mu\u0161ky octomilky!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zvireci-kosmonauti\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosmonauti? 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