{"id":23100,"date":"2020-08-28T05:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T03:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=23100"},"modified":"2020-07-23T15:20:15","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T13:20:15","slug":"japonsko-zajimavosti-ktere-jste-nevedeli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/japonsko-zajimavosti-ktere-jste-nevedeli\/","title":{"rendered":"Japonsko: 8 zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jste nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nev\u011bd\u011bli"},"content":{"rendered":"

V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce slav\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Japonsko v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 100 let vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Pod\u00edvejme se p\u0159i t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti na osm pozoruhodn\u00fdch fakt\u016f o Zemi vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce. Co v\u0161echno museli mu\u017ei podstoupit p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b katany? A co \u017eena samurajka? Osmi\u010dku jsme vybrali proto, \u017ee je v Japonsku pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Kand\u017ei, tedy znak, kter\u00fd se pro ni pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1, toti\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 znak pro prosperitu a \u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00edt\u0159ky.<\/strong><\/p>
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1. Kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed maskot\u016f. V\u0161echno v Japonsku m\u00e1 svou ply\u0161ovou ikonu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed maskoti se za\u010dali v Japonsku objevovat v 90. letech. Jejich skute\u010dn\u00fd boom ale nastal v roce 2007 d\u00edky Hikonyanovi, maskotovi m\u011bsta a hradu Hikone, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 podobu b\u00edl\u00e9 ko\u010dky se samurajskou p\u0159ilbou. Dnes v Japonsku najdete tis\u00edce maskot\u016f. Reprezentuj\u00ed prefektury, m\u011bsta, firmy i nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce. Sv\u00e9 maskoty maj\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u011bznice. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ten z v\u011bznice Asahikawa vypad\u00e1 jako dozorce s fialovou kv\u011btinou m\u00edsto vlas\u016f.<\/p>
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\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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Setkat se m\u016f\u017eete i s maskotem, kter\u00fd doporu\u010duje v\u010dasnou kolonoskopii. \u201eNejen\u017ee pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozvoji turistiky, ale jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 schopn\u00fdmi ambasadory p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi i r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informace. A \u0159ekn\u011bme si up\u0159\u00edmn\u011b, nechat si n\u011bco vysv\u011btlovat t\u0159eba od ply\u0161ov\u00e9 chod\u00edc\u00ed kedlubny zn\u00ed mnohem l\u00e9pe ne\u017e koukat na nudn\u00e9 instrukt\u00e1\u017en\u00ed video, no ne?\u201c, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 o maskotech japanofil a autor Yatta podcastu<\/a> o Japonsku Daniel \u0160\u00e1cha.<\/p>
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2. Japonsk\u00e9 vlaky pat\u0159\u00ed mezi nejp\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e minuta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Japonsk\u00e1 \u017eeleznice je slavn\u00e1 d\u00edky pokro\u010dil\u00fdm technologi\u00edm a neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti. Jak je pro Japonce dochvilnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 se potvrdilo p\u0159ed n\u011bkolika lety, kdy\u017e cel\u00fd sv\u011bt oblet\u011bla zpr\u00e1va o ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed omluv\u011b dopravce Tsukuba Express za vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vlaku o 20 sekund d\u0159\u00edve. Je\u0161t\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je tato informace, kdy\u017e dod\u00e1me, \u017ee z 50 nejvyt\u00ed\u017een\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch stanic na sv\u011bt\u011b jich je 45 pr\u00e1v\u011b v Japonsku.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jen pro srovn\u00e1n\u00ed: pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 doba zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed vlak\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch dosahuje dle dostupn\u00fdch statistik asi 9 a p\u016fl minuty.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Japonsk\u00e9<\/figure>
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3. Rou\u0161ky v Japonsku pravideln\u011b nos\u00ed 30 % lid\u00ed. Hitem leto\u0161n\u00edho roku jsou podprsenkov\u00e9!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rou\u0161ky se v Japonsku poprv\u00e9 objevily p\u0159ed sto lety v souvislosti s pandemi\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blsk\u00e9 ch\u0159ipky. N\u00e1sledovalo obrovsk\u00e9 zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed, to zdevastovalo m\u011bsta a vyneslo do vzduchu prach a popel, kter\u00fd se v n\u011bm dr\u017eel n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f. Kdy\u017e pak ve 30. letech p\u0159i\u0161la ch\u0159ipkov\u00e1 epidemie a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v souvislosti s pov\u00e1le\u010dnou industrializac\u00ed, rou\u0161ky u\u017e byly b\u011b\u017enou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161atn\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>
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\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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Dnes Japonci ohledupln\u011b nos\u00ed rou\u0161ky, aby sv\u00fdm nachlazen\u00edm nenakazili ostatn\u00ed. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed se jimi p\u0159ed pylem a smogem, nebo slou\u017e\u00ed jako neobvykl\u00fd m\u00f3dn\u00ed dopln\u011bk. \u201eZdaleka p\u0159itom nejde jen o ty klasick\u00e9, chirurgicky \u010dist\u011b b\u00edl\u00e9, ale nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vzorovan\u00e9 a stylov\u00e9 masky. Najdete na nich Pok\u00e9mony, samuraje, kv\u011btiny, na co si jen vzpomenete\u201c, dopl\u0148uje Daniel \u0160\u00e1cha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V Japonsku se\u017eenete i rou\u0161ky, kter\u00e9 nezaml\u017euj\u00ed br\u00fdle, ze\u0161t\u00edhluj\u00ed obli\u010dej, dok\u00e1\u017eou p\u0159ev\u00e9st mluven\u00e9 slovo na text a p\u0159elo\u017eit ho do osmi jazyk\u016f. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hitem jsou pak rou\u0161ky vyroben\u00e9 z krajkov\u00fdch podprsenek.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

4. Japonsko m\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hustotu prodejn\u00edch automat\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Najdete je v\u0161ude. V ulic\u00edch velk\u00fdch m\u011bst i v mal\u00fdch vesni\u010dk\u00e1ch, na n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00edch, v obchodech, dokonce i v restaurac\u00edch. \u201eKoupit v nich m\u016f\u017eete skoro v\u0161e, na co si vzpomenete. Cigarety, alkohol, zmrzlinu, pol\u00e9vky, ru\u010dn\u00edky, noviny, l\u00edstky na vlak, de\u0161tn\u00edky, ovoce, hra\u010dky, DVD, burgery, vaj\u00ed\u010dka, ob\u010das i kalhotky nebo jin\u00e9 spodn\u00ed pr\u00e1dlo,\u201c shrnuje sv\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti Daniel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prodejn\u00edch automat\u016f je v Japonsku tolik, \u017ee v pr\u016fm\u011bru vych\u00e1z\u00ed jeden na 25 obyvatel.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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5. Samurajsk\u00fd kodex bu\u0161id\u00f3 je dodnes z\u00e1kladem japonsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Mor\u00e1ln\u00ed kodex bu\u0161id\u00f3, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako \u201ecesta v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edka\u201c, p\u0159ekonal i z\u00e1nik samuraj\u016f. Jeho principy odvahy, spravedlnosti, slitov\u00e1n\u00ed, zdvo\u0159ilosti, up\u0159\u00edmnosti, cti, loajality a sebekontroly rezonuj\u00ed japonskou spole\u010dnost\u00ed i v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b.<\/p>
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\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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Extr\u00e9mn\u00ed d\u016fraz na \u010dest vedl d\u0159\u00edve a\u017e k ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm sebevra\u017ed\u00e1m, tzv. \u201eseppuku\u201c (n\u011bkdy myln\u011b ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako harakiri). Pozd\u011bji se projevil i v sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch \u00fatoc\u00edch japonsk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f za v\u00e1lky v Tichomo\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zn\u00e1me pod pojmem \u201ekamikadze\u201c. Principy ob\u011btavosti a loajality jsou pak st\u00e1le patrn\u00e9 v pov\u011bstn\u00e9 japonsk\u00e9 pracovitosti.<\/p>
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6. \u017deny-samurajky nebyly v\u00fdjimkou, cizinci naopak ano<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ne\u0159\u00edkalo se jim \u201esamuraj\u201c, ale \u201eonna bugej\u0161a\u201c a m\u00edsto katan pou\u017e\u00edvaly rad\u011bji naginaty, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed kop\u00ed s \u010depel\u00ed na konci. V\u00fdcvik ale m\u011bly stejn\u00fd jako mu\u017ei, s nimi\u017e bojovaly bok po boku. Historick\u00e9 prameny se o t\u011bchto bojovnic\u00edch zmi\u0148uj\u00ed velmi sporadicky a mohlo by se proto zd\u00e1t, \u017ee byly pouze drobnou men\u0161inou. Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ostatk\u016f z bitvy Senbon Macubaru (1580) ale prok\u00e1zal, \u017ee 35 ze 105 zde nalezen\u00fdch t\u011bl byly \u017eeny. Naopak cizinci, zejm\u00e9na ze Z\u00e1padu, to m\u011bli slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Za ur\u010dit\u00fdch podm\u00ednek mohli bojovat spole\u010dn\u011b se samuraji, a dokonce se jimi i st\u00e1t. Zn\u00e1me ale pouze \u010dty\u0159i mu\u017ee v historii, kter\u00fdm se t\u00e9to pocty dostalo.<\/p>
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\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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7. V\u00fdroba katan byla posv\u00e1tn\u00fdm ob\u0159adem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tradi\u010dn\u00ed japonsk\u00e9 me\u010de prov\u00e1zelo p\u0159i jejich tvorb\u011b n\u011bkolik n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1l\u016f. Kov\u00e1\u0159i se na v\u00fdrobu me\u010de p\u0159ipravovali p\u016fstem, svatou pout\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm celib\u00e1tem. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu pak denn\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bli \u0159adu o\u010distn\u00fdch ob\u0159ad\u016f. Nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u00e1li pod vodop\u00e1dem a recitovali modlitby, pokud nem\u011bli pobl\u00ed\u017e vodop\u00e1d, pol\u00e9vali se alespo\u0148 kbel\u00edky se studenou vodou. Z d\u016fvodu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distoty tak\u00e9 nesm\u011bli p\u0159ich\u00e1zet do kontaktu se \u017eenami, p\u0159itom v\u00fdroba n\u011bkter\u00fdch katan trvala a\u017e n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed katanu v\u0161ech dob je pova\u017eov\u00e1na \u201eKamakura\u201c ze 13. stolet\u00ed. Tu si v roce 1992 po\u0159\u00eddil anonymn\u00ed sb\u011bratel a zaplatil za ni neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 418 000 dolar\u016f, tedy v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 milion\u016f korun.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\"Japonsko<\/figure>
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8. Otestuj Japonsko a s\u00edlu katany na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V \u00e9\u0159e Edo vl\u00e1dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed zbran\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bl ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed zkou\u0161ky \u010depel\u00ed na ostatc\u00edch popraven\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f, n\u011bkdy dokonce i na \u017eiv\u00fdch odsouzen\u00fdch. Kvalita pak byla ur\u010dena podle po\u010dtu a konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u011bl, kter\u00fdmi ost\u0159\u00ed pro\u0161lo. V 16. stolet\u00ed \u00fadajn\u011b jeden me\u010d pro\u0165al sedm na sob\u011b le\u017e\u00edc\u00edch t\u011bl najednou.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Japonsko milionkr\u00e1t jinak: Zapome\u0148te na sushi a sak\u00e9, ty jsou u\u017e pas\u00e9!<\/a><\/h4>
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A jak to bylo ve stolet\u00ed t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9m? Vyzkou\u0161ejte si souboje s katanou v k\u016f\u017ei samuraje Jina Sakaie, kter\u00fd bude chr\u00e1nit Japonsko p\u0159ed n\u00e1jezdem Mongol\u016f. V hern\u00ed novince Ghost of Tsushima dostupn\u00e9 pro PlayStation 4 za\u017eijete na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei prost\u0159ed\u00ed feud\u00e1ln\u00edho Japonska a atmosf\u00e9ru \u017eivota prav\u00fdch samuraj\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce slav\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Japonsko v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 100 let vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f. Pod\u00edvejme se p\u0159i t\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti na osm pozoruhodn\u00fdch fakt\u016f o Zemi vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho slunce. Co v\u0161echno museli mu\u017ei podstoupit p\u0159i v\u00fdrob\u011b katany? A co \u017eena samurajka? Osmi\u010dku jsme vybrali proto, \u017ee je v Japonsku pova\u017eov\u00e1na za \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Kand\u017ei, tedy znak, kter\u00fd se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23101,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[854,25],"tags":[519,512,3274,203,273,4027,490,1538,525],"class_list":["post-23100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cestovani","category-style","tag-asie","tag-cestovani","tag-data","tag-fakta","tag-japonsko","tag-stat","tag-style","tag-zajimavosti","tag-zeme"],"yoast_head":"\nJaponsko: 8 zaj\u00edmavost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jste nejsp\u00ed\u0161 nev\u011bd\u011bli - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"V leto\u0161n\u00edm roce slav\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e1 republika a Japonsko v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 100 let vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f. 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