{"id":25740,"date":"2020-11-11T05:00:09","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T04:00:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=25740"},"modified":"2020-11-10T15:00:49","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T14:00:49","slug":"vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u017eou n\u00e1m ve \u0161kole? Vikingov\u00e9 objevili Ameriku d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Kolumbem"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee objevitelem Ameriky byl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus. Jeho role v kolonizaci tzv. \u201eNov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c je neoddiskutovateln\u00e1, ke b\u0159eh\u016fm tohoto do t\u00e9 doby neobjeven\u00e9ho kontinentu v\u0161ak dorazili poprv\u00e9 sever\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci Vikingov\u00e9. Stalo se tak o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 500 let d\u0159\u00edve pod veden\u00edm mo\u0159eplavce Leifa Erikssona, od jeho\u017e smrti letos uplynulo 1000 let. Jak k tomu do\u0161lo a co vedlo Vikingy k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed jejich pravideln\u00fdch plaveb a obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed bl\u00edzk\u00fdch i vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch zem\u00ed?<\/strong><\/p>
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P\u016fvodn\u011b obyvatel\u00e9 Jutsk\u00e9ho poloostrova (\u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho D\u00e1nska a severn\u00edho N\u011bmecka) a oblasti Skandin\u00e1vie se k podnik\u00e1n\u00ed plaveb dostali tak trochu z donucen\u00ed. V jejich zemi panovaly nehostinn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, v\u010detn\u011b specifick\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isuzovalo v\u0161echen majetek po otci pouze nejstar\u0161\u00edmu synovi. V\u0161ichni ostatn\u00ed museli hledat jinou ob\u017eivu, a to nejl\u00e9pe v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch. P\u016fvodn\u011b sv\u00e9 v\u00fdpravy podnikali s obchodn\u00edmi \u00famysly, postupn\u011b se z nich v\u0161ak stali \u00fato\u010dn\u00ed barba\u0159i vyd\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed se na st\u00e1le del\u0161\u00ed plavby.<\/p>
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Objeven\u00ed Ameriky<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na jednu takovou dlouhou plavbu se vydal tak\u00e9 jist\u00fd Bjarni Herj\u00f3lsson. Podle s\u00e1g se p\u0159i sv\u00e9 cest\u011b z Islandu do Gr\u00f3nska ztratil v mlze, po jej\u00edm\u017e rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159ed sebou spat\u0159il dosud nepoznan\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed. Nam\u00edsto pokusu o doplut\u00ed k b\u0159ehu se v\u0161ak rozhodl pokra\u010dovat ve sv\u00e9 cest\u011b ke gr\u00f3nsk\u00e9 pevnin\u011b. Kolem roku 1000 prod\u00e1val svou lo\u010f a kupci Leifovi Erikssonovi vypr\u00e1v\u011bl sv\u00e9 poznatky z t\u00e9to sv\u00e9 plavby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eriksson m\u011bl objevitelstv\u00ed v krvi, jeho otec kolonizoval \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Islandu a Gr\u00f3nska. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Herj\u00f3lssona ho zaujal natolik, \u017ee se rozhodl podniknout tuto cestu s c\u00edlem doplout a\u017e k pevnin\u011b. To se mu nakonec povedlo.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Podle archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f Eriksson p\u0159ist\u00e1l na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho kanadsk\u00e9ho ostrova Newfoundland. Na tomto \u00fazem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kv\u016fli plod\u00edc\u00edm ke\u0159\u016fm vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy pojmenoval jako Vinland, se svou dru\u017einou vytvo\u0159il malou osadu, kde tak\u00e9 p\u0159ezimovali.<\/p>
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Stopy osady objevil roku 1960 v t\u00e9to oblasti norsk\u00fd badatel Helge Ingstad. Objevili z\u00e1klady staroseversk\u00fdch staven\u00ed, kov\u00e1rny a stopy po taven\u00ed \u017eeleza. Pokud by se tak stalo u\u017e d\u0159\u00edve, dost mo\u017en\u00e1 bychom dne\u0161n\u00ed Ameriku znali pod \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem.<\/p>
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Sever\u0161t\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00edci v Evrop\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vikingov\u00e9 se v r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 expanze dostali do t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ech civilizovan\u00fdch zem\u00ed star\u00e9ho kontinentu. P\u016fvodn\u00ed men\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1jezdy brzy nahradily v\u00fdpravy cel\u00fdch arm\u00e1d, kter\u00e9 c\u00edlov\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed dobyly a za\u010daly osidlovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b ob\u011bti t\u011bchto \u00fatok\u016f dali Viking\u016fm jejich jm\u00e9no, kter\u00e9 v p\u0159ekladu znamen\u00e1 \u201epir\u00e1ti\u201c.\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Jednou z nich byla i Anglie, kam se Vikingov\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 dostali u\u017e v roce 789. Svou s\u00edlu v\u0161ak naplno uk\u00e1zali a\u017e o 150 let pozd\u011bji b\u011bhem \u00fatoku na Kent. N\u00e1sledovalo n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch, pov\u011bt\u0161inou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch vp\u00e1d\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se Vikingov\u00e9 nav\u017edy zapsali do historie t\u00e9to kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 zem\u011b. Jejich odkaz je podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch zdroj\u016f patrn\u00fd nap\u0159\u00edklad v anglick\u00fdch n\u00e1zvech dn\u016f v t\u00fddnu. \u00dater\u00fd, neboli Tuesday, je spojov\u00e1no s bohem v\u00e1lky Tyrem (Tyr\u2019s day), Thursday (anglicky \u010dtvrtek) pak s Thorem (Thor\u2019s day).<\/p>
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\"Vikingov\u00e9\"<\/figure>
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Cesta do minulosti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b do t\u00e9to doby a t\u011bchto postav se m\u016f\u017eete p\u0159en\u00e9st s novou hrou Assassin\u2019s Creed Valhalla<\/a>. V roli vikinga Eivora se vylod\u00edte u b\u0159eh\u016f Anglie, kde budete \u010delit nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm \u010di budovat svou osadu v otev\u0159en\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zasazen\u00e9m do temn\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9ry 9. stolet\u00ed. Assassin\u2019s Creed Valhalla vych\u00e1z\u00ed 10. listopadu 2020 na konzol\u00edch nov\u00e9 generace Xbox Series X, Xbox series S, PlayStation 5 a stejn\u011b tak i na PC, Xbox One, PlayStation 4 a Stadia. Tak p\u011bknou z\u00e1bavu!<\/p>
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\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
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Zn\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh seversk\u00fdch mo\u0159eplavc\u016f? Takhle postupovali Vikingov\u00e9!<\/a><\/h4>
\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee objevitelem Ameriky byl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus. Jeho role v kolonizaci tzv. \u201eNov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c je neoddiskutovateln\u00e1, ke b\u0159eh\u016fm tohoto do t\u00e9 doby neobjeven\u00e9ho kontinentu v\u0161ak dorazili poprv\u00e9 sever\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci Vikingov\u00e9. Stalo se tak o t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 500 let d\u0159\u00edve pod veden\u00edm mo\u0159eplavce Leifa Erikssona, od jeho\u017e smrti letos uplynulo 1000 let. Jak k […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":25742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[89,4362,2862,87,125,4360,1233,4363,1228,4361,496],"class_list":["post-25740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-amerika","tag-assassins-creed-valhalla","tag-dejiny","tag-historie","tag-hra","tag-kontinent","tag-krystof-kolumbus","tag-najezdnici","tag-objeveni-ameriky","tag-objevitele","tag-vikingove"],"yoast_head":"\nL\u017eou n\u00e1m ve \u0161kole? Vikingov\u00e9 objevili Ameriku d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Kolumbem - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee objevitelem Ameriky byl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus. Jeho role v kolonizaci tzv. \u201eNov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c je neoddiskutovateln\u00e1, ke b\u0159eh\u016fm tohoto do t\u00e9 doby neobjeven\u00e9ho kontinentu v\u0161ak dorazili poprv\u00e9 sever\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci Vikingov\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u017eou n\u00e1m ve \u0161kole? Vikingov\u00e9 objevili Ameriku d\u00e1vno p\u0159ed Kolumbem - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch se u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee objevitelem Ameriky byl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus. Jeho role v kolonizaci tzv. \u201eNov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta\u201c je neoddiskutovateln\u00e1, ke b\u0159eh\u016fm tohoto do t\u00e9 doby neobjeven\u00e9ho kontinentu v\u0161ak dorazili poprv\u00e9 sever\u0161t\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci Vikingov\u00e9.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/MzoneCZ\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-11-11T04:00:09+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Krystof-Kolumbus-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Mzone\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Mzone\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mzone.cz\\\/vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mzone.cz\\\/vikingove-objevili-ameriku-davno-pred-kolumbem\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Mzone\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mzone.cz\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9bc20cc422a99cac4af6ff9297da32d4\"},\"headline\":\"L\u017eou n\u00e1m ve \u0161kole? 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