{"id":28963,"date":"2023-09-18T18:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-18T16:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=28963"},"modified":"2023-09-18T18:02:30","modified_gmt":"2023-09-18T16:02:30","slug":"utek-z-pretorie-vezni-apartheidu-na-uteku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/utek-z-pretorie-vezni-apartheidu-na-uteku\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00dat\u011bk z Pretorie: V\u011bzni apartheidu na \u00fat\u011bku"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou druhou polovinu 20. stolet\u00ed vl\u00e1dl v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na rasov\u00e9 segregaci, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako apartheid. Tento represivn\u00ed re\u017eim ale za\u010dal dost\u00e1vat v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 trhliny v 70. letech, kdy rostla obecn\u00e1 nespokojenost, nejen na stran\u011b utla\u010dovan\u00fdch \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch obyvatel. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b do\u0161lo k fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, dva politi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystupovali proti re\u017eimu byli za sv\u00e9 n\u00e1zory a aktivity uv\u011bzn\u011bni ve v\u011bznici pro b\u011blochy v Pretorii, odkud v roce 1979 \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b uprchli.<\/strong><\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Brat\u0159i ve zbrani<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tim Jenkin a Stephen Lee se setkali na hodin\u00e1ch sociologie na Univerzit\u011b v Kapsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b. Stali se p\u0159\u00e1teli a spole\u010dn\u011b se v\u011bnovali \u010detb\u011b knih, kter\u00e9 re\u017eim zakazoval, za\u010dali je tak\u00e9 kop\u00edrovat a roz\u0161i\u0159ovat mezi dal\u0161\u00ed studenty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postupn\u011b nahl\u00ed\u017eeli hloub\u011bji do \u00fatrob nef\u00e9rov\u00e9ho nedemokratick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu \u00fatlaku a s\u00edlila v nich touha po zm\u011bn\u011b, k n\u00ed\u017e se mohli p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit pouze cestami, kter\u00e9 re\u017eim pova\u017eoval za neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Brzy se dozv\u011bd\u011bli o aktivit\u00e1ch Africk\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho kongresu<\/a> (ANC), politick\u00e9 strany, kter\u00e1 byla zak\u00e1z\u00e1na a p\u016fsobila v ilegalit\u011b. S politikou ANC se ztoto\u017enili a rozhodli se za jeho hodnoty bojovat. Po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b se jim poda\u0159ilo st\u00e1t se \u010dleny strany a z\u00edskali tr\u00e9nink v r\u016fzn\u00fdch taktik\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na jak \u0161\u00ed\u0159it my\u0161lenky kongresu d\u00e1l formou let\u00e1k\u016f, a jak si vytvo\u0159it komunika\u010dn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed struktury.<\/p>
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\"\u00dat\u011bk<\/figure>
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L\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed let\u00e1ky v hled\u00e1\u010dku policie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1975 si Lee s Jenkinem opat\u0159ili v Kapsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b psac\u00ed stroj, tisk\u00e1rnu a kop\u00edrku na v\u00fdrobu let\u00e1k\u016f a pronajali si gar\u00e1\u017e a n\u00e1sledn\u011b mal\u00fd byt. Nedlouho potom byli vysl\u00e1ni na prvn\u00ed misi, jejich \u00fakolem bylo odp\u00e1lit \u201elet\u00e1kovou bombu\u201c v Johannesburgu. \u00dakol se skv\u011bl\u00fdmi v\u00fdsledky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed n\u011bkolika bomb se jim poda\u0159ilo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it stovky let\u00e1k\u016f. Stejnou metodu v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b zopakovali v Johannesburgu i Kapsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b. Nezlomn\u011b ve sv\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed pokra\u010dovali d\u00e1l, ale za\u010daly se objevovat varovn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, \u017ee se dostali do hled\u00e1\u010dku tajn\u00e9 policie. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli se nikdy nedozv\u011bd\u011bli, jak p\u0159esn\u011b byli odhaleni, byli v roce 1978 za svou \u010dinnost zat\u010deni. Byli p\u0159evezeni do vazby, rozd\u011bleni a vysl\u00fdch\u00e1ni, ani\u017e by jim byla sd\u011blena konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed obvin\u011bn\u00ed, a ani\u017e by byli informov\u00e1ni o sv\u00fdch pr\u00e1vech.<\/p>
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\"\u00dat\u011bk<\/figure>
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Nedlouho pot\u00e9 byli odsouzeni za distribuci let\u00e1k\u016f s informacemi o zak\u00e1zan\u00fdch organizac\u00edch \u2013 Komunistick\u00e9 stran\u011b JAR a ANC. Jenkin byl odsouzen ke 12 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed, Lee m\u011bl str\u00e1vit za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi 8 let. Tuto dobu m\u011bli str\u00e1vit ve v\u011bzen\u00ed pro b\u011blochy v Pretorii.<\/p>
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\u00dat\u011bk z v\u011bzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Stephen Lee ve v\u011bzen\u00ed od sv\u00e9ho otce dostal kopii Mot\u00fdlka, kter\u00e1 ho inspirovala k \u00fat\u011bku. Oba aktivist\u00e9 z\u00e1hy za\u010dali pl\u00e1novat cestu na svobodu a za\u010dali si pe\u010dliv\u011b v\u0161\u00edmat sv\u011bta kolem sebe do nejmen\u0161\u00edch detail\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jenkin propa\u0161oval do v\u011bznice pen\u00edze a za\u010dal vyr\u00e1b\u011bt d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010de, kter\u00fdmi dok\u00e1zali otev\u0159\u00edt v\u0161ech 9 dve\u0159\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jim st\u00e1ly v cest\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V prosinci 1979 Tim Jenkin, Stephen Lee a politick\u00fd aktivista Alex Moumbaris \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b uprchli z v\u011bzen\u00ed v Pretorii. P\u0159i \u00fat\u011bku se setkali s mnoha dal\u0161\u00edmi nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdmi p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekami, nakonec jim pomohl i dal\u0161\u00ed politick\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148 Denis Goldberg, kter\u00fd na sebe upoutal pozornost dozorc\u016f a uvolnil jim cestu na svobodu.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\u00dat\u011bk<\/figure>
\n\n\n\n

Potom, co \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b prob\u011bhli branami v\u011bznice, \u00fat\u011bk nebyl zdaleka u konce. Museli se co nejrychleji dostat pry\u010d z Jihoafrick\u00e9 republiky, okam\u017eit\u011b vyrazili na n\u00e1ro\u010dnou cestu p\u0159es Mosambik, Zambii, Angolu a Tanzanii rovnou do Lond\u00fdna.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh Tim Jenkina a Stephena Lee m\u016f\u017eete zhl\u00e9dnout ve filmu \u00dat\u011bk z Pretorie<\/strong> ji\u017e 10. \u00fanora v 18:30 na televizn\u00ed stanici Spektrum. Jenkin se osobn\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnil nat\u00e1\u010den\u00ed v australsk\u00e9m Adelaide, kde radil s p\u0159\u00edzvukem a dal\u0161\u00edmi detaily \u00fat\u011bku Danielu Radcliffeovi, kter\u00fd ho ve filmu ztv\u00e1rnil, a s\u00e1m se ve filmu objevil jako komparzista v roli v\u011bzn\u011b.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>
\n

P\u0159ed 20 lety l\u00edtaly na africk\u00e9 hr\u00e1\u010de v \u010cesku ban\u00e1ny. Je n\u00e1\u0161 fotbal po\u0159\u00e1d pln\u00fd rasismu?<\/a><\/h4>
\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 celou druhou polovinu 20. stolet\u00ed vl\u00e1dl v Jihoafrick\u00e9 republice politick\u00fd syst\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00fd na rasov\u00e9 segregaci, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako apartheid. Tento represivn\u00ed re\u017eim ale za\u010dal dost\u00e1vat v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 trhliny v 70. letech, kdy rostla obecn\u00e1 nespokojenost, nejen na stran\u011b utla\u010dovan\u00fdch \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch obyvatel. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to dob\u011b do\u0161lo k fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed ud\u00e1losti, dva politi\u010dt\u00ed aktivist\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u011b vystupovali proti […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":28967,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[73,387,71],"tags":[877,4748,2862,541,314,87,4747,4749,31,4752,43,1814,4750,1777,4751,265],"class_list":["post-28963","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-filmy","category-historie","category-kultura","tag-afrika","tag-apartheid","tag-dejiny","tag-film","tag-filmy","tag-historie","tag-jar","tag-jihoafricka-republika","tag-kultura","tag-pretorie","tag-pribeh","tag-rasismus","tag-rasova-segregace","tag-utek","tag-utek-z-pretorie","tag-vezni"],"yoast_head":"\n\u00dat\u011bk z Pretorie: V\u011bzni apartheidu na \u00fat\u011bku - 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