{"id":469,"date":"2018-01-30T20:50:08","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T19:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=469"},"modified":"2018-11-02T13:26:16","modified_gmt":"2018-11-02T12:26:16","slug":"jednotky-sa-teror-musi-byt-zlomen-zase-jen-terorem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/jednotky-sa-teror-musi-byt-zlomen-zase-jen-terorem\/","title":{"rendered":"Jednotky SA \u2013 \u201eTeror mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zlomen zase jen terorem\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jednotky SA (Sturm-Abteilung, \u00fadern\u00e9 odd\u00edly) byly polovojensk\u00e9 formace nacistick\u00e9 strany NSDAP. N\u00e1zev Sturmabteilung poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b od speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch jednotek N\u011bmecka za 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaly strategii gener\u00e1la Oskara von Hutiera. Jeho strategie spo\u010d\u00edvala ve vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00fdch jednotek, kter\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u011b plnily \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle, co\u017e byl nov\u00e1torsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, nebo\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161ina gener\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvala metodu hromadn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f.<\/p>\n

Byly zalo\u017eeny na podzim roku 1920 nejprve pod n\u00e1zvem Ordnertruppen (po\u0159\u00e1dkov\u00e9 odd\u00edly), do kter\u00fdch za\u010dal nab\u00edrat hospodsk\u00e9 rv\u00e1\u010de, z\u00e1pasn\u00edky a b\u00fdval\u00e9 voj\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed m\u011bli za \u00fakol ochra\u0148ovat jej p\u0159i jeho vystoupen\u00edch proti v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017eili jeho v\u00fdstupy naru\u0161ovat. P\u016fvodn\u011b tedy tyto jednotky slou\u017eily k Hitlerov\u011b osobn\u00ed ochran\u011b a k ochran\u011b nacistick\u00fdch shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b v\u0161ak vznikly a\u017e 3. srpna 1921, tedy dne, kdy Hitler vyzval k zalo\u017een\u00ed t\u011blocvi\u010dn\u00e9ho a sportovn\u00edho odd\u00edlu.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Hitler<\/a><\/p>\n

Hitler na isnpekci SA jednotek<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

K bojov\u00e9mu nasazen\u00ed t\u011bchto jednotek do\u0161lo z\u00e1hy \u2013 dne 4. listopadu 1921 po\u0159\u00e1dala NSDAP velk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v mnichovsk\u00e9 pivnici Hofbr\u00e4uhaus. Po n\u011bkolika p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edch Hitlerova projevu se \u010dlenov\u00e9 odd\u00edlu, znechuceni neust\u00e1l\u00fdm pok\u0159ikov\u00e1n\u00edm na Hitlera, pustili do bitky s \u201enaru\u0161iteli\u201c shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Po t\u00e9to ud\u00e1losti Hitler p\u0159ejmenoval tuto jednotku na Sturmabteilung, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b SA.<\/p>\n

U zrodu \u201ehn\u011bd\u00fdch ko\u0161il\u201c, jak se jim lidov\u011b \u0159\u00edkalo, st\u00e1l u\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku Ernst R\u00f6hm, jen\u017e byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jedn\u00edm z nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00e1tel Hitlera. Budoucnost uk\u00e1zala, jak jsou politick\u00e1 p\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1. R\u00f6hm se t\u011b\u0161il mezi mu\u017estvem velk\u00e9 oblib\u011b a pod jeho veden\u00edm se jednotky reorganizovaly do vojensk\u00e9 podoby a byly organizov\u00e1ny tak, aby jejich struktura mohla pojmout tis\u00edce \u010dlen\u016f. SA maj\u00ed na sv\u011bdom\u00ed mnoho n\u00e1silnost\u00ed a vra\u017ed proti socialist\u016fm b\u011bhem 20. let. V\u011bt\u0161inou \u0161lo o men\u0161\u00ed pouli\u010dn\u00ed boje naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 Zusammenst\u00f6\u00dfe.<\/p>\n

Po n\u00e1stupu Hitlera k moci v roce 1933 za\u010daly SA v \u010dele s R\u00f6hmem usilovat o z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed vlivu pro sebe. R\u00f6hm vid\u011bl v SA n\u00e1stupce pravideln\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy (Reichswehru). Postupn\u011b se SA st\u00e1valy velmi nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi a nekontrolovateln\u00fdmi, proto\u017ee mnoho jednotek bylo loaj\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00edce sv\u00e9mu m\u00edstn\u00edmu veliteli ne\u017e Hitlerovi nebo NSDAP jako celku. D\u016fvodem t\u00e9to rozpolcenosti byl fakt, \u017ee se SA skl\u00e1daly z nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdch a d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli daleko v\u00edce radik\u00e1ln\u00ed ne\u017e SS ve snaze prov\u00e9st skute\u010dnou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluci. O kterou u\u017e v\u0161ak Hitler po uchopen\u00ed moci nem\u011bl z\u00e1jem, proto\u017ee to ohro\u017eovalo finan\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy od bohat\u00fdch podnikatelsk\u00fdch kruh\u016f, na kter\u00fdch strana z\u00e1visela. Zejm\u00e9na velitel SA R\u00f6hm popuzoval sv\u00fdmi levicov\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory.<\/p>\n

\n

\"Ernst<\/a><\/p>\n

Ernst R\u00f6em, velitel SA jednotek<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

V dubnu roku 1934 u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti jarn\u00edho cvi\u010den\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva, do\u0161lo k setk\u00e1n\u00ed Hitlera s vojensk\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami. V\u00fdsledkem byla dohoda o podpo\u0159e Hitlera b\u011bhem kandidatury na prezidenta, v\u00fdm\u011bnou za zredukov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotek SA. Dny Ernsta R\u00f6hma a jeho hn\u011bd\u00fdch ko\u0161il byly se\u010dteny.<\/p>\n

V noci 29. \u010dervna 1934 dostal Hitler zpr\u00e1vu o \u00fadajn\u00e9m \u201epokusu o pu\u010d\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u011bl v\u00e9st R\u00f6hm, jen\u017e v t\u00e9 dob\u011b spal v hotelu Hanslbauer ve Wiessee. Ve 4 r\u00e1no p\u0159ilet\u011bl Hitler do Mnichova a akce zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako \u201eNoc dlouh\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f\u201c za\u010dala. Ernst R\u00f6hm byl zat\u010den samotn\u00fdm Adolfem Hitlerem v Bad Wiesse, kde se konal sjezd v\u016fdc\u016f SA. Brzy r\u00e1no 30. \u010dervna byl vyta\u017een z postele a ihned byl p\u0159evezen do v\u011bzen\u00ed Stadelheim v Mnichov\u011b. Zat\u00edmco zat\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed a vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech (i potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch) odp\u016frc\u016f b\u011bhem Noci dlouh\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f pokra\u010dovalo, Hitler v\u00e1hal s rozhodnut\u00edm o kone\u010dn\u00e9m osudu R\u00f6hma. Nakonec na\u0159\u00eddil, aby mu do cely p\u0159inesli revolver. Jakmile R\u00f6hm dostal do rukou zbra\u0148, zeptal se: \u201eTo mi pos\u00edl\u00e1 Adolf? Jestli m\u011b chce zab\u00edt, tak a\u0165 to ud\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00e1m! Chci zem\u0159\u00edt jako moji p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9, chci dostat kulku do b\u0159icha, sly\u0161\u00edte?!\u201c. Theodor Eicke, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u016fstojn\u00edk SS odpov\u011bd\u011bl: \u201eRad\u00edm v\u00e1m, abyste si to rozmyslel.\u201c. \u201eNE!\u201c, vyk\u0159ikl R\u00f6hm a hodil po odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm Eickovi cihlu. To Eickeho na\u0161tvalo a m\u00e1vl rukou na sv\u00e9ho pobo\u010dn\u00edka, rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fstojn\u00edka SS Michaela Lipperta, kter\u00fd vyt\u00e1hl pistoli a R\u00f6hma zast\u0159elil. R\u00f6hm vzdechl \u201eM\u016fj v\u016fd\u010de\u2026\u201c a klesl k zemi. R\u00f6hm byl poh\u0159ben na h\u0159bitov\u011b Westfriedhof v Mnichov\u011b. Cel\u00e1 akce b\u011bhem Noci dlouh\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f prob\u011bhla p\u0159esn\u011b v duchu hesla SA: \u201eVe\u0161ker\u00e1 opozice mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zadup\u00e1na do zem\u011b.\u201c<\/p>\n

\n

\"SA<\/a><\/p>\n

SA jednotky p\u0159ed bojovou akc\u00ed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Po Noci dlouh\u00fdch no\u017e\u016f rychle klesal i po\u010det \u010dlen\u016f SA \u2013 z 4,5 milionu v \u010dervnu 1934 na 1,6 milionu v \u0159\u00edjnu 1935 a do roku 1938 d\u00e1le klesl a\u017e na 1,2 milionu. V b\u0159eznu 1938 byly \u00fatvary SA mezi prvn\u00edmi p\u0159i pochodu do Rakouska b\u011bhem an\u0161lusu. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu mnichovsk\u00e9 krize se SA pod\u00edlela na v\u00fdcviku a vyzbrojov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010dlen\u016f Sudetendeutsches Freikorps.<\/p>\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky asi 2\/3 t\u0159etiny \u010dlen\u016f SA postupn\u011b narukovaly do arm\u00e1dy (\u010dlenstv\u00ed v SA na rozd\u00edl od SS nebylo n\u00e1hradou vojensk\u00e9 povinnosti). V pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00edch v\u00e1lky se SA tak\u00e9 pod\u00edlela na r\u016fzn\u00fdch opev\u0148ovac\u00edch prac\u00edch, plnila r\u016fzn\u00e9 pomocn\u00e9 \u00fakoly pro arm\u00e1du a policii a od roku 1944 byla vyu\u017eita i p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed a v\u00fdcviku Volkssturmu. Norimbersk\u00fd tribun\u00e1l konstatoval, \u017ee jednotliv\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 SA se pod\u00edleli na zlo\u010dinech proti lidskosti a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch zlo\u010dinech, ale nelze celou SA ozna\u010dit za zlo\u010dineckou organizaci ve smyslu ob\u017ealoby.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jednotky SA (Sturm-Abteilung, \u00fadern\u00e9 odd\u00edly) byly polovojensk\u00e9 formace nacistick\u00e9 strany NSDAP. N\u00e1zev Sturmabteilung poch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b od speci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch jednotek N\u011bmecka za 1. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaly strategii gener\u00e1la Oskara von Hutiera. Jeho strategie spo\u010d\u00edvala ve vytvo\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00fdch jednotek, kter\u00e9 odd\u011blen\u011b plnily \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle, co\u017e byl nov\u00e1torsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, nebo\u0165 v\u011bt\u0161ina gener\u00e1l\u016f pou\u017e\u00edvala metodu hromadn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f. Byly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":470,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[211,207,209,208,119,210],"class_list":["post-469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","tag-211","tag-hitler","tag-nsdap","tag-sa","tag-valka","tag-vudce"],"yoast_head":"\nJednotky SA \u2013 \u201eTeror mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zlomen zase jen terorem\u201c - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Internetov\u00fd magaz\u00edn nejen pro mu\u017ee. 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