{"id":5031,"date":"2025-08-10T20:00:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-10T18:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=5031"},"modified":"2025-08-10T20:51:27","modified_gmt":"2025-08-10T18:51:27","slug":"zlo-jak-se-z-dobrych-lidi-stavaji-zli","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zlo-jak-se-z-dobrych-lidi-stavaji-zli\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161ichni v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee odol\u00e1me zlu. Ale marn\u011b! Jak se z dobr\u00fdch lid\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 zl\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Opravdu se mohou st\u00e1t z pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch, oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed symboly zla? Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku hledal po t\u0159icet let americk\u00fd psycholog Philip Zimbardo. Podrobn\u011b zkoumal \u010dasto mlhavou hranici mezi dobrem a zlem na mnoha p\u0159\u00edkladech. Jedn\u00edm z nejproslulej\u0161\u00edch je kontroverzn\u00ed Stanfordsk\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fd experiment. Dokonale zodpov\u011bd\u011bl ot\u00e1zku, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lid\u00e9 konaj\u00ed zlo? Pro\u010d se z dobr\u00fdch lid\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00ed? Jak se postavit zlu a st\u00e1t se tak hrdinou?<\/strong><\/p>
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Velmi neslavn\u011b dopadl pro lidskou spole\u010dnost takzvan\u00fd Stanfordsk\u00fd experiment t\u00fdmu kolem psychologa Philipa Zimbarda<\/a>. V roce 1971 vybral dva tucty dobrovoln\u00edk\u016f z \u0159ad student\u016f Stanfordsk\u00e9 univerzity. Losem byli rozd\u011bleni na stejn\u011b velk\u00e9 skupiny v\u011bz\u0148\u016f a str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f. Str\u00e1\u017ee byly p\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm experimentu d\u016frazn\u011b upozorn\u011bny, \u017ee nesm\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt fyzick\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“M\u016f\u017eete ale v\u011bzn\u011b vystavovat nud\u011b a do ur\u010dit\u00e9 m\u00edry i strachu. Dejte jim pocit, \u017ee jsou v\u00e1m vystaveni na pospas, \u017ee jejich \u017eivoty naprosto ovl\u00e1d\u00e1te,” bylo jim \u0159e\u010deno.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Skupina byla vybavena uniformami z vojensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdprodeje, slune\u010dn\u00edmi br\u00fdlemi a d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdmi holemi. V\u011bzni prvn\u011b absolvovali proceduru podobnou skute\u010dn\u00e9mu zat\u010den\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b prohled\u00e1n\u00ed, focen\u00ed a odebr\u00e1n\u00ed otisk\u016f prst\u016f. Vyfasovali nepohodln\u00e9 v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9 mund\u00fary a ka\u017ed\u00e9mu bylo p\u0159id\u011bleno \u010d\u00edslo m\u00edsto jm\u00e9na. Zat\u00edmco se str\u00e1\u017ee st\u0159\u00eddaly v t\u0159\u00edsm\u011bnn\u00e9m provozu, v\u011bzni nesm\u011bli sklep univerzitn\u00ed budovy po dva t\u00fddny opustit.<\/p>
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\"Zlo\"<\/figure>
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Hned na druh\u00fd den nabral pokus nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 obr\u00e1tky, kdy\u017e jedna z cel odm\u00edtla d\u00e1l plnit p\u0159\u00edkazy str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se trojici v\u011bz\u0148\u016f jaly p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dovat spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm hasic\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstroje. Konflikt postupn\u011b eskaloval, str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed vzpurn\u00fdm v\u011bz\u0148\u016fm odeb\u00edrali matrace, tak\u017ee museli sp\u00e1t na hol\u00e9m betonu, nutili je vykon\u00e1vat pot\u0159ebu do kbel\u00edku v cele a mnoha vynal\u00e9zav\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby je poni\u017eovali. Po \u0161esti dnech musel b\u00fdt experiment p\u0159eru\u0161en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podle Zimbarda se u t\u0159etiny str\u00e1\u017ec\u016f za\u010daly probouzet netu\u0161en\u00e9 sadistick\u00e9 sklony.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina “bacha\u0159\u016f” ostatn\u011b na zpr\u00e1vu o ukon\u010den\u00ed pokusu reagovala odm\u00edtav\u011b a\u017e agresivn\u011b. Podivn\u011b snadno se se svou rol\u00ed s\u017eili tak\u00e9 v\u011bzni. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed z nich po ukon\u010den\u00ed pokusu vypov\u011bd\u011bli, \u017ee u\u017e se chystali po\u017e\u00e1dat str\u00e1\u017ee o milost. P\u0159estali si uv\u011bdomovat, \u017ee \u0161lo kdykoliv odej\u00edt z vlastn\u00ed v\u016fle.<\/p>
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\"Porucha<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Top 10 poruch osobnost\u00ed. Zjist\u011bte, jestli n\u011bjakou netrp\u00edte i vy!<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n


Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm se pro rychlou eskalaci experimentu uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt mechanismus odosobn\u011bn\u00ed. V\u011bzni byli v o\u010d\u00edch str\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velmi rychle zredukov\u00e1ni na trojm\u00edstn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo a pot\u00ed\u017e, kterou je st\u00e1le nutno \u0159e\u0161it. Naopak mu\u017ei za \u010dern\u00fdmi br\u00fdlemi se v\u011bz\u0148\u016fm za\u010dali jevit jen jako chladn\u00e9 a nelidsk\u00e9 autority. Co z toho tedy vych\u00e1z\u00ed? Lid\u00e9 nejsou od p\u0159\u00edrody dob\u0159\u00ed, ani zl\u00ed, jen se v ur\u010dit\u00fdch situac\u00edch zachovaj\u00ed lidsky, jindy zase bezcitn\u011b a krut\u011b. To plyne ze zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9ho pokusu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O tom, jak jedinec obstoj\u00ed, p\u0159itom mo\u017en\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e charakterov\u00e9 vlastnosti rozhoduj\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy. A\u0165 si to lid\u00e9 uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, nebo ne, p\u0159izp\u016fsobuj\u00ed se norm\u011b, kter\u00e1 kolem nich pr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159evl\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost ke skupin\u011b a jej\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00ed dynamika se p\u0159itom zd\u00e1 \u010dasto siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sv\u011bdom\u00ed a zdrav\u00fd rozum jedince. Tak\u00e9 proto, \u017ee jej kolektiv zbavuje pocitu zodpov\u011bdnosti za svoje jedn\u00e1n\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je dobr\u00e9 si moc manipulace uv\u011bdomovat a zn\u00e1t jej\u00ed mechanismy. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto je na m\u00edst\u011b neb\u011bhat se st\u00e1dem, kamkoliv se slep\u011b rozb\u011bhne. To je ostatn\u011b forma svobody.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"Zlo\"<\/figure>
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Albert Einstein \u00fadajn\u011b \u0159ekl, \u017ee \u201esv\u011bt nebude zni\u010den t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1chaj\u00ed zlo, ale t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed se na n\u011bj d\u00edvaj\u00ed, ani\u017e by n\u011bco ud\u011blali.\u201c Edmund Burke, britsk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00edk a filozof, pak pr\u00fd \u0159ekl toto: \u201eJedinou v\u011bc\u00ed nutnou pro triumf zla je, aby dob\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 nic ned\u011blali.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jakkoliv jsme za\u010dali negativn\u011b a pesimisticky, v\u011b\u0159te, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee konat dobro stejn\u011b, jako ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee konat zlo. Volba je jen na n\u00e1s.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u011b bychom ale m\u011bli definovat zlo. Jeho definice je slo\u017eit\u00e1, nebo\u0165 co je zl\u00e9 pro jednu spole\u010dnost, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt dobr\u00e9 pro jinou. Proto je mnoho sebevra\u017eedn\u00fdch atent\u00e1tn\u00edk\u016f ve sv\u00fdch domovin\u00e1ch oslavov\u00e1no. Proto je spor dobra a zla nekone\u010dn\u00fd. Zimbardo se o to v\u0161ak pokusil v knize Lucifer\u016fv efekt: \u201eZlo p\u0159edstavuje \u00famysln\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je ubl\u00ed\u017eit, zneu\u017e\u00edt, pon\u00ed\u017eit, zbavit lidskosti \u010di zni\u010dit ostatn\u00ed nevinn\u00e9 lidi nebo pomoc\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed moci \u010di syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f nab\u00e1dat ostatn\u00ed k t\u011bmto \u010din\u016fm \u010di jim je umo\u017enit. Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno: zlo je v\u011bd\u011bt o jin\u00fdch mo\u017enostech chov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale chovat se \u0161patn\u011b.\u201c<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

I mu\u017ei trp\u00ed poporodn\u00ed depres\u00ed! V\u00edme, co za to m\u016f\u017ee<\/a><\/h4>
\n\n\n\n

A jak se nestat zl\u00fdm \u010dlov\u011bk? Jak odolat zlu? Mus\u00edte vystoupit z pohodln\u00e9 komfortn\u00ed z\u00f3ny, chcete-li se st\u00e1t hrdiny. Stejn\u011b jako se Jan Palach up\u00e1lil pro vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dobro (kter\u00e9 stejn\u011b nenastalo), i vy se m\u016f\u017eete postavit zlu. A takto tak\u00e9 zn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9 poselstv\u00ed t\u00e9to cesty, kterou jste podnikli. Cesty, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9 jste pochopili, \u017ee i dobr\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk m\u016f\u017ee d\u011blat zl\u00e9 v\u011bci. Cesty, b\u011bhem kter\u00e9 jste si snad uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee oby\u010dejn\u00ed lid\u00e9 jako my p\u00e1chaj\u00ed ohavn\u00e9 \u010diny, a \u017ee potenci\u00e1l konat dobro a zlo je v ka\u017ed\u00e9m \u010dlov\u011bku. Cesty, kter\u00e1 v\u00e1m snad napomohla v tom, abyste p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b zlo netolerovali a stali se tak hrdiny. Volba je na v\u00e1s. P\u0159ejeme mnoho sil v\u0161em, kte\u0159\u00ed se o to alespo\u0148 pokus\u00ed. Hrdiny toti\u017e st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebujeme.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Opravdu se mohou st\u00e1t z pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch, oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed symboly zla? Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku hledal po t\u0159icet let americk\u00fd psycholog Philip Zimbardo. Podrobn\u011b zkoumal \u010dasto mlhavou hranici mezi dobrem a zlem na mnoha p\u0159\u00edkladech. Jedn\u00edm z nejproslulej\u0161\u00edch je kontroverzn\u00ed Stanfordsk\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fd experiment. Dokonale zodpov\u011bd\u011bl ot\u00e1zku, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lid\u00e9 konaj\u00ed zlo? Pro\u010d se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":5032,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[386,29,25,67],"tags":[257,1479,1487,1484,326,1478,1482,1481,784,1483,1480,540,1485,1486,35,267],"class_list":["post-5031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bez-obalu","category-lifestyle","category-style","category-veda","tag-clovek","tag-dobro","tag-duse","tag-experimenty","tag-lide","tag-lidstvo","tag-philip-zimbardo","tag-pokusy","tag-povaha","tag-psycholog","tag-psychologie","tag-spolecnost","tag-stanfordsky-experiment","tag-testy","tag-veda","tag-zlo"],"yoast_head":"\nV\u0161ichni v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee odol\u00e1me zlu. Ale marn\u011b! Jak se z dobr\u00fdch lid\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 zl\u00ed? - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Opravdu se mohou st\u00e1t z pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch, oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed symboly zla? Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku hledal po t\u0159icet let americk\u00fd psycholog Philip Zimbardo. Podrobn\u011b zkoumal \u010dasto mlhavou hranici mezi dobrem a zlem na mnoha p\u0159\u00edkladech. Jedn\u00edm z nejproslulej\u0161\u00edch je kontroverzn\u00ed Stanfordsk\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fd experiment. Dokonale zodpov\u011bd\u011bl ot\u00e1zku, jak je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee norm\u00e1ln\u00ed lid\u00e9 konaj\u00ed zlo.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zlo-jak-se-z-dobrych-lidi-stavaji-zli\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"V\u0161ichni v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, \u017ee odol\u00e1me zlu. Ale marn\u011b! Jak se z dobr\u00fdch lid\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 zl\u00ed? - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Opravdu se mohou st\u00e1t z pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch, oby\u010dejn\u00fdch lid\u00ed symboly zla? Odpov\u011b\u010f na tuto ot\u00e1zku hledal po t\u0159icet let americk\u00fd psycholog Philip Zimbardo. Podrobn\u011b zkoumal \u010dasto mlhavou hranici mezi dobrem a zlem na mnoha p\u0159\u00edkladech. Jedn\u00edm z nejproslulej\u0161\u00edch je kontroverzn\u00ed Stanfordsk\u00fd v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00fd experiment. 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