{"id":6006,"date":"2025-06-16T16:00:43","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T14:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=6006"},"modified":"2025-06-16T16:44:06","modified_gmt":"2025-06-16T14:44:06","slug":"zelena-vila-nebo-jed-absinth-inspiroval-i-nicil-umelce-zaroven","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/zelena-vila-nebo-jed-absinth-inspiroval-i-nicil-umelce-zaroven\/","title":{"rendered":"Zelen\u00e1 v\u00edla nebo jed? Absinth inspiroval i ni\u010dil um\u011blce z\u00e1rove\u0148"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la spirit\u016f, jeho\u017e p\u016fvod a \u010dasto i kvalita se d\u00e1 rozli\u0161it u\u017e z pouh\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu, je pr\u00e1v\u011b absinthe. Nebo tak\u00e9 absint a \u010dasto je\u0161t\u011b absinth. Jinak t\u00e9\u017e zvan\u00fd n\u00e1poj v\u0161ech ztracen\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f a boh\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm slou\u017eil jako velik\u00fd zdroj inspirace. Ne v\u0161em v\u0161ak pouze pom\u00e1hal.<\/strong><\/p>
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Ten jedin\u00fd prav\u00fd absinthe poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z horsk\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed Val-de-Travers na pomez\u00ed \u0161v\u00fdcarsko-francouzsk\u00e9 hranice m\u00e1 za sebou celkem kr\u00e1tkou, ale o to pohnut\u011bj\u0161\u00ed historii. Jeho vznik se datuje k p\u0159elomu 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed a p\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl b\u00fdt \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edm lik\u00e9rem.<\/p>
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Absinthe se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed pomoc\u00ed macerace bylin v neutr\u00e1ln\u00edm destil\u00e1tu a n\u00e1slednou destilac\u00ed. Dva z\u00e1kladn\u00ed druhy, kter\u00e9 rozezn\u00e1v\u00e1me, jsou absinthe \u010dir\u00fd a zelen\u00fd. Zelen\u00e9 barvy se dos\u00e1hne kone\u010dnou macerac\u00ed (m\u00e1\u010den\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch nebo \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed v kapalin\u011b, aby se vylou\u017eily rozpustn\u00e9 slo\u017eky a z\u00edskal v\u00fdluh nebo \u010dist\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148) bylin v ji\u017e vydestilovan\u00e9m absinthu \u2013 d\u00edky tomu barva nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ost\u0159e zelen\u00e1, ale bude sp\u00ed\u0161 jemn\u011b zelen\u00e1 a\u017e na\u0161ediv\u011bl\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00ed slo\u017eky pro v\u00fdrobu absinthu tvo\u0159\u00ed tzv. svat\u00e1 trojice \u2013 pelyn\u011bk, an\u00fdz a fenykl. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdrobce m\u00edch\u00e1 byliny v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pom\u011brech a p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b mnoh\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 pelyn\u011bk Artemisia absinthium, voln\u011b rostouc\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b v \u00fadol\u00ed Val-de-Travers, d\u00edky t\u00e9to bylince absinthe obsahuje tak\u00e9 thujon, jen\u017e je je\u0161t\u011b dodnes miln\u011b vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako halucinogenn\u00ed l\u00e1tka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1poj si krom\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch vrstev obl\u00edbili i chud\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm boh\u00e9m\u0161t\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00edci a mal\u00ed\u0159i. Snad ka\u017ed\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 t\u00e9 doby namaloval obraz, kter\u00fd m\u011bl n\u011bco spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s absinthem, a\u0165 u\u017e zachytil skleni\u010dku zelen\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje \u010di onu \u201ezelenou v\u00edlu\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mezi ty, kte\u0159\u00ed si u\u017e\u00edvali zelen\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje, pat\u0159il nap\u0159\u00edklad mal\u00ed\u0159 Eduard Manet, Edgar Allan Poe, Vincent van Gogh, Oscar Wilde i proklet\u00ed b\u00e1sn\u00edci \u2013 Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine a Arthur Rimbaud.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

S koncem 19. stolet\u00ed u\u017e byl absinthe natolik roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd a dostupn\u00fd, a\u017e za\u010dal ohro\u017eovat v\u00fdrobce jin\u00fdch alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f. Nejv\u00edce to poci\u0165ovali v\u00fdrobci tradi\u010dn\u00ed brandy a tak\u00e9 vina\u0159i, je\u017e se t\u011b\u017ece vzpamatov\u00e1vali z pohromy, kdy vinice prakticky po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b napadla m\u0161i\u010dka r\u00e9vokaz a zni\u010dila je na mnoho let. P\u0159ehnan\u00e9 pit\u00ed alkoholu se nel\u00edbilo ani nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00edm \u017eensk\u00fdm spolk\u016fm. Za\u010daly vznikat nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vtipy, kol\u00e1\u017ee a kresby zesm\u011b\u0161\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed nebo dokonce a\u017e odrazuj\u00edc\u00ed od pit\u00ed absinthe. To v\u0161e m\u011blo za n\u00e1sledek, \u017ee se nakonec 7. \u0159\u00edjna 1910 poda\u0159ilo postavit absinthe ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku mimo z\u00e1kon. Ve Francii se tak stalo o \u010dty\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji.<\/p>
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Obraz Pij\u00e1k absinthu od Viktora Olivy<\/figcaption><\/figure>
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Pro v\u00fdrobce absinthu nastaly t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u010dasy. Francouzsk\u00e1 strana p\u0159e\u0161la na v\u00fdrobu pastisu, lik\u00e9ru vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00edho se z obdobn\u00fdch bylinek jako absinthe, ov\u0161em bez pely\u0148ku, a tedy i bez thujonu. Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku byl v\u0161ak absinthe natolik zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fd, \u017ee bylo nemysliteln\u00e9 s jeho v\u00fdrobou p\u0159estat. A tak se z n\u011bj stal n\u00e1poj tzv. podpultov\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoliv p\u0159ed z\u00e1kazem dok\u00e1zal francouzsk\u00fd gigant Pernod Fils vyrobit a\u017e 125 tis\u00edc litr\u016f absinthu denn\u011b, d\u00edky prohibici a nutnosti zakr\u00fdt jeho v\u00fdrobu produkce logicky prudce klesla a p\u0159est\u011bhovala se do sklep\u016f mal\u00fdch v\u00fdrobc\u016f zejm\u00e9na v oblasti \u0161v\u00fdcarsk\u00fdch m\u011bste\u010dek Couvet a M\u00f4tiers.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ti produkovali absinthe prim\u00e1rn\u011b pro vlastn\u00ed spot\u0159ebu a jen mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed se dostalo na ve\u0159ejnost. V\u00fdroba absinthu byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nebezpe\u010dnou z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed. Pokud by byl v\u00fdrobce p\u0159isti\u017een, hrozila by mu nejen likvida\u010dn\u00ed pokuta, ale i p\u00e1r let ve v\u011bzen\u00ed, a to nikdo necht\u011bl riskovat.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zat\u00edmco ve Francii a \u0160v\u00fdcarsku vl\u00e1dla prohibice, v mnoha zem\u00edch v\u010detn\u011b \u010ceska absinthe zak\u00e1z\u00e1n nebyl. V 90. letech se tak na na\u0161em trhu objevil v\u00fdrobek s n\u00e1zvem absint. S t\u00edm p\u016fvodn\u00edm nem\u011bl nic moc spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, v\u00fdroba prob\u00edhala pouze macerac\u00ed bylin ve vysokoprocentn\u00edm destil\u00e1tu, pot\u00e9 se jen filtruje a mnohdy je\u0161t\u011b barv\u00ed potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm barvivem do nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch k\u0159iklav\u00fdch barev. Vznik\u00e1 tak vysoce procentn\u00ed spirit s ho\u0159kou chut\u00ed, je\u017e je pot\u0159eba dochutit cukrem \u2013 a proto se vymyslel servis se zap\u00e1len\u00fdm cukrem, kter\u00fd je n\u00e1sledn\u011b do absintu vm\u00edch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I d\u00edky n\u00e1hra\u017ek\u00e1m v podob\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho absintu za\u010daly kolem roku 2000 ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku a Francii s\u00edlit hlasy za znovulegalizaci absinthu. Po mnoha v\u011bdeck\u00fdch studi\u00edch zkoumaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b nebezpe\u010dnost thujonu byl kone\u010dn\u011b roku 2005 zlegalizov\u00e1n a v\u0161echny destilerie v oblasti  Val-de-Travers se tak mohly st\u00e1t op\u011bt leg\u00e1ln\u00edmi.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Absinthe byl od prvopo\u010d\u00e1tku naz\u00fdv\u00e1n zelenou v\u00edlou d\u00edky sv\u00e9 barv\u011b a s\u00edle. Nikdy se v\u0161ak nepil ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00fd. \u0158ed\u00ed se vodou v pom\u011bru 1:3 a\u017e 1:5, p\u0159\u00edmo v Couvet v\u00e1m v destilerii Distillerie d\u2019Absinthe Artemisia Bugnon doporu\u010d\u00ed \u0159edit absinthy dle druhu na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 11 % alkoholu u \u010dir\u00e9ho a u zelen\u00e9ho na 13 a\u017e 14 %.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Beergeek aneb jak se vyznat ve svrchn\u011b kva\u0161en\u00e9m pivu<\/a><\/h4>
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Pokud m\u00e1 n\u011bkdo r\u00e1d sladk\u00e9, pak se u zelen\u00e9ho absinthu doporu\u010duje nechat vodu prokapat p\u0159es kostku b\u00edl\u00e9ho cukru (nezap\u00e1lenou). K ritu\u00e1lu pit\u00ed absinthu se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tzv. absinthov\u00e9 font\u00e1ny, z nich\u017e prokap\u00e1v\u00e1 voda a absinthe \u0159ed\u00ed. Ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku k t\u011bmto \u00fa\u010del\u016fm pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pouze vodu miner\u00e1ln\u00ed. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je tak\u00e9 pozorovat reakci absinthu, p\u0159i kontaktu s vodou se za\u010dne d\u00edky obsa\u017een\u00fdm silic\u00edm an\u00fdzu a fenyklu zakalovat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jedn\u00edm z m\u00e1la spirit\u016f, jeho\u017e p\u016fvod a \u010dasto i kvalita se d\u00e1 rozli\u0161it u\u017e z pouh\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu, je pr\u00e1v\u011b absinthe. Nebo tak\u00e9 absint a \u010dasto je\u0161t\u011b absinth. Jinak t\u00e9\u017e zvan\u00fd n\u00e1poj v\u0161ech ztracen\u00fdch um\u011blc\u016f a boh\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm slou\u017eil jako velik\u00fd zdroj inspirace. Ne v\u0161em v\u0161ak pouze pom\u00e1hal. Ten jedin\u00fd prav\u00fd absinthe poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z horsk\u00e9ho \u00fadol\u00ed Val-de-Travers […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6007,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,63,25],"tags":[1641,1642,1643,400,1645,768,87,906,401,1644,957,622],"class_list":["post-6006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-jidlo","category-style","tag-absint","tag-absinth","tag-absinthe","tag-alkohol","tag-destilat","tag-drink","tag-historie","tag-napoj","tag-piti","tag-umelci","tag-umeni","tag-vyroba"],"yoast_head":"\nZelen\u00e1 v\u00edla nebo jed? 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