{"id":8225,"date":"2023-02-19T10:00:33","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T09:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=8225"},"modified":"2023-02-19T11:00:32","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T10:00:32","slug":"od-karla-iv-po-zufanka-aneb-pribeh-ceske-palenky","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/od-karla-iv-po-zufanka-aneb-pribeh-ceske-palenky\/","title":{"rendered":"Od Karla IV. po \u017duf\u00e1nka aneb p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010desk\u00e9 p\u00e1lenky"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1zev p\u00e1lenka je odvozen od zku\u0161enosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f s p\u00e1len\u00edm kvasu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1vali z p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed l\u00e1tky tekutinu s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem alkoholu. Kdy p\u0159esn\u011b si ov\u0161em tuto zku\u0161enost osvojili? Podle prvn\u00edch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v lze p\u00e1len\u00ed z ovoce datovat do dob Lucemburk\u016f, a\u010dkoli proces p\u00e1len\u00ed byl ji\u017e v\u0161eobecn\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu zn\u00e1m\u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>
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Alkohol se vyskytuje po boku \u010dlov\u011bka ji\u017e odnepam\u011bti, v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vznik\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kvasn\u00e9ho procesu tak\u0159ka samovoln\u011b. S p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k velmi limitovan\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed pramen\u016f je ale v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159esn\u011b stanovit, kdy byly vyrobeny prvn\u00ed alkoholick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje. Snad n\u011bkdo vyma\u010dkal mo\u0161t z ulo\u017een\u00fdch plan\u00fdch jablek, nebo zkvasily vyma\u010dkan\u00e9 hrozny ve v\u00edno, anebo pouze n\u011bkdo zvedl ze zem\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b zkva\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pravdou nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlov\u011bk u\u017e po cel\u00e1 tis\u00edcilet\u00ed vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1 organick\u00e9 l\u00e1tky, je\u017e prim\u00e1rn\u011b neslou\u017e\u00ed ani k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ob\u017eivy, nato\u017e k nezbytn\u00e9mu chodu tr\u00e1vic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u010di biologick\u00e9 reprodukci, n\u00fdbr\u017e k dosa\u017een\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch du\u0161evn\u00edch stav\u016f. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tyto stavy v mnohon\u00e1sobn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e p\u0159inesla znalost destilace, kter\u00e1 \u0161la ruku v ruce se \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm medic\u00edny.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se objevuj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee proces destilace znali z\u0159ejm\u011b ji\u017e starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 nebo \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9, \u00fadaje o tom, k \u010demu byl v t\u011bchto kultur\u00e1ch v\u00fdsledn\u00fd produkt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n, se ale podstatn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku m\u011bl b\u00fdt toti\u017e alkohol vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n pouze v l\u00e9ka\u0159stv\u00ed, zat\u00edmco pozd\u011bji slou\u017eil k v\u00fdrob\u011b vonn\u00fdch esenc\u00ed.<\/p>
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Navzdory v\u0161em domn\u011bnk\u00e1m v\u0161ak prvn\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00fd pramen zmi\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed destilaci poch\u00e1z\u00ed a\u017e 8. stolet\u00ed. Ve spisu Testamentum Geberi, regis Indiae tehdy arabsk\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 Geber p\u0159esn\u011b popsal, jak lze z b\u00edl\u00e9ho v\u00edna p\u0159ipravit tzv. aqua vitae, tedy vodu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Krom\u011b n\u00e1zvu odkazuj\u00edc\u00edho na pomysln\u00fd pramen ml\u00e1d\u00ed se v 10. stolet\u00ed p\u00e1len\u00ed v\u00edna roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ilo od Arab\u016f natolik, \u017ee proniklo i do italsk\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161ter\u016f, kde mu byla prop\u016fj\u010dena dal\u0161\u00ed jm\u00e9na jako ohniv\u00e1 voda nebo nebesk\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdvoj a dal\u0161\u00ed cestu nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d kulturami dokazuje tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fd popis zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed destil\u00e1tu rektifikac\u00ed, kter\u00fd poskytl Raymondus Lullus, \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b ve 13. stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e doporu\u010doval destilaci opakovat t\u0159ikr\u00e1t a\u017e \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Od Lucemburk\u016f po \u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed\u201c obrozen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

P\u016fsoben\u00edm student\u016f, l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f, l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edk\u016f a r\u016fzn\u00fdch alchymist\u016f se posl\u00e9ze za vl\u00e1dy Jana Lucemburka na po\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed dostaly znalosti destilace rovn\u011b\u017e do \u010cech. V\u00fdroba destil\u00e1t\u016f se v\u0161ak u n\u00e1s rozmohla hlavn\u011b za vl\u00e1dy Karla IV., jen\u017e se zaslou\u017eil o roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed vinic. Tehdy vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdnosy umo\u017enily po\u010d\u00e1tek p\u00e1len\u00ed z p\u011bstovan\u00e9 vinn\u00e9 r\u00e9vy. Na t\u011bchto z\u00e1kladech tedy stav\u011bl pozd\u011bji i V\u00e1clav IV., kter\u00fd v Kutn\u00e9 Ho\u0159e zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed vinopalnu v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch rozm\u011br\u016f. B\u011bhem 15. stolet\u00ed se n\u00e1sledn\u011b vinopalnictv\u00ed uplatnilo v dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bstech, a vzniklo tud\u00ed\u017e cel\u00e9 nov\u00e9 \u0159emeslo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed p\u00e1lenek prob\u00edhalo je\u0161t\u011b v pom\u011brn\u011b mal\u00fdch objemech ve sklen\u011bn\u00e9 destila\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b. Destil\u00e1ty byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ze zka\u017een\u00e9ho v\u00edna, ale tak\u00e9 nap\u0159\u00edklad z piva.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1lenka z\u00edsk\u00e1vala v 16. stolet\u00ed na oblib\u011b, co\u017e lze sledovat i podle zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed cech\u016f vinopaln\u00edk\u016f sdru\u017euj\u00edc\u00edch se spole\u010dn\u011b s l\u00e9k\u00e1rn\u00edky. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b se ale u\u017e nevyr\u00e1b\u011bly pouze destil\u00e1ty z v\u00edna nebo piva, n\u00fdbr\u017e i z obil\u00ed, plan\u00fdch trnek, jablek, hru\u0161ek a r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f bylin a ko\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>
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Uplatn\u011bn\u00ed tyto destil\u00e1ty nalezly tak\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci experiment\u016f s v\u00fdrobou elix\u00edru ml\u00e1d\u00ed na dvo\u0159e c\u00edsa\u0159e Rudolfa II. D\u016fkazem o soudob\u00fdch pom\u011brech budi\u017e vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z roku 1584 o z\u00e1kazu pit\u00ed p\u00e1lenek v sobotu a v ned\u011bli, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bylo ozna\u010den\u00ed ko\u0159alky jako n\u00e1poje \u010f\u00e1belsk\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Situace ohledn\u011b popularity destil\u00e1t\u016f dokonce postoupila do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee m\u016f\u017eeme zaznamenat z\u00e1kaz p\u00e1len\u00ed obil\u00ed uveden\u00fd v platnost \u010desk\u00fdm sn\u011bmem v roce 1600 v d\u016fsledku zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed ne\u00farody.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Navzdory t\u011bmto omezen\u00edm lze ov\u0161em narazit kup\u0159\u00edkladu na pozn\u00e1mku v urb\u00e1\u0159i vizovick\u00e9ho panstv\u00ed, je\u017e v roce 1585 hovo\u0159ila o existenci pal\u00edrny, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159ila vizovick\u00e9 vrchnosti a toho \u010dasu se nach\u00e1zela na n\u00e1m\u011bst\u00ed, odkud byla po \u010dase p\u0159em\u00edst\u011bna naproti pivovaru. Tento p\u0159esun byl zcela kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm a zajist\u00e9 pragmatick\u00fdm \u010dinem, nebo\u0165 se tehdy p\u00e1lily hlavn\u011b zbytky po v\u00fdrob\u011b piva, a a\u017e po \u010dase do hry vstoupilo i obil\u00ed a v\u00fdroba tzv. \u017eitn\u00e9.<\/p>
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Jak\u00e1 je nejlep\u0161\u00ed? V\u0161e, co jste nev\u011bd\u011bli o whisky a b\u00e1li jste se zeptat<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n


Na druhou stranu se oblast jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Moravy, podporovan\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u011b vrchnost\u00ed a panovn\u00edkem, nap\u0159\u00edklad osv\u00edcenou Mari\u00ed Terezi\u00ed, ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s \u010cechami vcelku odli\u0161ovala, proto\u017ee se v n\u00ed v takov\u00e9m rozsahu nep\u00e1lilo v\u00edno. Oblast toti\u017e disponovala obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b velk\u00fdmi sady slivon\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zahrnovaly B\u00edl\u00e9 Karpaty i Beskydy a okol\u00ed Uhersk\u00e9ho Brodu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Bojkovice a Vizovice pat\u0159ily k ovocn\u00e1\u0159sky nejvysp\u011blej\u0161\u00edm oblastem moravsk\u00e9 produkce.<\/p>
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Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee se pr\u00e1v\u011b zde d\u00edky sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 popt\u00e1vce po \u010derstv\u00fdch \u0161vestkov\u00fdch plodech na p\u0159elomu 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed uplatnilo p\u00e1len\u00ed tohoto peckovit\u00e9ho ovoce. Prodej \u010derstv\u00e9ho, zejm\u00e9na su\u0161en\u00e9ho ovoce \u010dastokr\u00e1te znamenal a\u017e do po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed v\u00edtan\u00fd p\u0159iv\u00fdd\u011blek. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu stolet\u00ed ale vstoupily na dom\u00e1c\u00ed trh dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 balk\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u0161vestky, kter\u00e9 byly charakteristick\u00e9 pro svou velikost a kvalitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morav\u0161t\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159i tak byli nuceni se zam\u011b\u0159it na jin\u00fd druh zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch v\u00fdp\u011bstk\u016f, kdy zvolili dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobu ovocn\u00e9 ko\u0159alky s n\u00e1zvem slivovice, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u00e1len\u00ed m\u011blo dokonce legislativn\u00ed podporu a ukotven\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1835 byl ve V\u00eddni vyd\u00e1n dekret umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed jednotlivci vyp\u00e1lit ro\u010dn\u011b a\u017e 56 litr\u016f 50procentn\u00ed ko\u0159alky z plodin poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z vlastn\u00edch zahrad, ani\u017e by platil jakoukoli da\u0148. Za pov\u0161imnut\u00ed stoj\u00ed, \u017ee uveden\u00fd z\u00e1kon se vztahoval pouze na Moravu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b rakousk\u00e9 monarchie, zat\u00edmco v \u010cech\u00e1ch musel ka\u017ed\u00fd povinn\u011b zaplatit odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed da\u0148. K m\u00edrn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b do\u0161lo se vznikem \u010ceskoslovensk\u00e9 republiky, kdy bylo dan\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed 50 litr\u016f sn\u00ed\u017eeno v roce 1923 na 30 litr\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pozd\u011bji byla cel\u00e1 tato p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdhoda \u201eda\u0148ov\u00e9 svobody\u201c zru\u0161ena.<\/p>
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Na trhu se objevilo zlo\u010dineck\u00e9 v\u00edno, kter\u00e9 k v\u00e1m doslova promluv\u00ed<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n


Rozvoj a vznik lihovarnictv\u00ed jako pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho oboru, kdy se p\u00e1lilo jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161e, zp\u016fsobil i obecn\u00fd enormn\u00ed n\u00e1r\u016fst z\u0159izov\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f, p\u00e1lenic a lihovar\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koncem 19. stolet\u00ed se v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b vyskytovalo a\u017e z\u00e1vratn\u00fdch 243 pal\u00edren. P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b polovina z nich zpracov\u00e1vala peckovit\u00e9 ovoce, naproti tomu ta druh\u00e1 se soust\u0159edila na v\u00fdrobu destil\u00e1t\u016f z v\u00edna, vinn\u00fdch kal\u016f a matoliny.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy byla kup\u0159\u00edkladu lik\u00e9rnick\u00e1 produkce st\u00e1le je\u0161t\u011b \u0159emeslnou prac\u00ed, nade\u0161la s procesem industrializace odv\u011btv\u00ed komplexn\u00ed prom\u011bna ve v\u00fdrob\u011b destil\u00e1t\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch. Stejn\u011b jako u\u010ditel a spisovatel Bed\u0159ich Bene\u0161 Buchlovan se tak m\u016f\u017eeme nostalgicky pokusit ohl\u00e9dnout za dom\u00e1c\u00edm p\u00e1len\u00edm destil\u00e1t\u016f z ovoce, kdy se ve snaze zachr\u00e1nit zka\u017een\u00e9 a nahnil\u00e9 ovoce prov\u00e1d\u011blo tzv. p\u00e1len\u00ed na vlastn\u00edm grunt\u011b: Star\u00e9 selsk\u00e9 pal\u00edrny byly za\u0159\u00edzeny dost primitivn\u011b. N\u011bkter\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159 si za\u0159\u00eddil v humn\u011b p\u00e1lenici pod do\u0161kovou st\u0159echou, v p\u0159eds\u00ed\u0148ce se p\u0159ikl\u00e1dalo do topeni\u0161t\u011b vezd\u011bn\u00e9ho do pal\u00edrny pod dva kotly. P\u0159ikl\u00e1daly se stonky, roz\u0161t\u00edpan\u00e9 a dob\u0159e vyschl\u00e9 d\u0159evo z pa\u0159ez\u016f. D\u0159\u00edve b\u00fdvaly v selsk\u00fdch p\u00e1lenic\u00edch kotle z kameniny poj\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed asi tak 80 litr\u016f.<\/p>
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Kotlovit\u00e1 kameninov\u00e1 n\u00e1doba se zven\u010d\u00ed omazala vrstvou hl\u00edny prom\u00ed\u0161en\u00e9 s plevami a odr\u00e1tovala se hrub\u00fdmi oky. Do n\u00ed se dal kvas, shora se p\u0159iklopila velk\u00e1 k\u0159ivule rovn\u011b\u017e z kameniny a na spoji se pe\u010dliv\u011b omazala j\u00edlem s plevami, aby neunikaly p\u00e1ry. K\u0159ivul\u00ed naho\u0159e byla prostr\u010dena osa dole opat\u0159en\u00e1 \u0159et\u00e1zkem a naho\u0159e klikou. T\u00edmto jednoduch\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm se prom\u00edch\u00e1val kvas, aby se nep\u0159ipaloval. K\u0159ivule vedla do chladic\u00ed k\u00e1d\u011b, kde k n\u00ed byla p\u0159ipojena spir\u00e1lovit\u011b sto\u010den\u00e1 trubka, j\u00ed\u017e proch\u00e1zely vydestilovan\u00e9 p\u00e1ry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do k\u00e1d\u011b se st\u00e1le p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u011bla studen\u00e1 voda, pokud bylo mo\u017eno p\u0159\u00edmo z potoka, jednoduch\u00fdm kor\u00fdtkem sbit\u00fdm z dlouh\u00fdch desek v podob\u011b p\u00edsmene V a plnila se ledem a sn\u011bhem \u2013 p\u00e1l\u00edvalo se jen v zim\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Destil\u00e1t se zachycoval do d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho hrotka. Prvn\u00ed kapky se naz\u00fdvaly v\u00fdsko\u010dky. Tomuto prvn\u00edmu p\u00e1len\u00ed se \u0159\u00edkalo lutr nebo lajtr. K pit\u00ed se nehodil, bylo v n\u011bm toti\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho olej\u016f z pecek, byl surov\u00fd a p\u00e1chl po juchtovici. Aby se zu\u0161lechtil, d\u00e1val se na druh\u00fd kotel, kde u\u017e nep\u0159i\u0161el do styku s ovocem. P\u00e1lilo se podruh\u00e9, znova se p\u0159ekap\u00e1valo, aby se dos\u00e1hlo n\u00e1poje, jemu\u017e nen\u00ed rovno. Kotle z kameniny byly pozd\u011bji nahrazov\u00e1ny kvalitn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdmi. Vznikl t\u00edm ale jist\u00fd jemn\u00fd rozd\u00edl v chuti slivovice.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Po ginu agrese, po v\u00edn\u011b \u00fanava. Jak se c\u00edt\u00edme a chov\u00e1me po r\u016fzn\u00fdch druz\u00edch alkoholu?<\/a><\/h4>
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Prav\u00e1 slov\u00e1ck\u00e1 slivovice, takzvan\u00e1 selsk\u00e1, se p\u00e1lila pouze ze \u0161vestek bez p\u0159im\u00edch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch druh\u016f ovoce. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00e1 jakost, kter\u00e9 se nedalo nikde jinde dos\u00e1hnout, m\u011bla p\u016fvod pr\u00e1v\u011b ve slov\u00e1ck\u00fdch \u0161vestk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vyzna\u010dovala se typickou p\u0159\u00edchut\u00ed a v\u016fn\u00ed po silici ho\u0159komandlov\u00e9, je\u017e spr\u00e1vn\u011b vynikla rozet\u0159elo-li se p\u00e1r kapek na dlani. Kr\u00e1sn\u011b perlila, a kdy\u017e se zap\u00e1lila na misce, ho\u0159ela ryze modr\u00fdm plam\u00e9nkem.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Slivovice p\u0159ipravovan\u00e1 po \u017eivnostensku m\u011bla plam\u00ednek na\u017eloutl\u00fd a kapka rozemnut\u00e1 na dlani zanech\u00e1vala stopy po vod\u011b. Slivovice se uchov\u00e1vala v soudc\u00edch. V nich od d\u0159eva nabyla na\u017eloutl\u00e9ho zabarven\u00ed, kde\u017eto ve skle z\u016fstala \u010dir\u00e1. Na\u017eloutl\u00e9ho t\u00f3nu star\u00e9 slivovice se dosahovalo tak\u00e9 barven\u00edm \u2013 su\u0161en\u00e1 \u0161vestka navle\u010den\u00e1 na niti se spustila na den do slivovice a op\u011bt se vyt\u00e1hla. Prav\u00e1 slov\u00e1ck\u00e1 slivovice p\u0159i po\u017eit\u00ed nikdy nep\u00e1lila v hrdle, ale p\u0159\u00edjemn\u011b h\u0159\u00e1la v cel\u00e9m t\u011ble. Tak pe\u010dliv\u011b p\u0159ipraven\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje si um\u011bli lid\u00e9 v\u00e1\u017eit. Slou\u017e\u00edval jim jako vybran\u00fd medikament, kdy\u017e bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed \u201eotr\u00e1vit \u010derva\u201c. Zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v zimn\u00edm obdob\u00ed zabija\u010dek, kdy obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 tu\u010dn\u00e1 strava vy\u017eadovala spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho zavr\u0161en\u00ed. P\u00e1lilo se v\u00fdhradn\u011b pro vlastn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu, neprod\u00e1valo se.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Na cest\u011b ke hv\u011bzd\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Prvn\u00ed zm\u00ednka o existenci Vizovic se datuje k roku 1261. M\u00edstn\u00ed tradice p\u00e1len\u00ed zapo\u010dala p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o t\u0159i sta let pozd\u011bji ve vrchnostensk\u00e9 pal\u00edrn\u011b, kter\u00e1 ov\u0161em nevydr\u017eela n\u00e1por v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho d\u011bn\u00ed a byla \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zni\u010dena. O jej\u00ed obnovu se zasadil a\u017e kolem roku 1725 hrab\u011b Prokop Gervas Gollen, jen\u017e nechal postavit zbrusu novou pal\u00edrnu opat\u0159enou modern\u00edmi technologiemi v podob\u011b m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fdch kotl\u016f. T\u0159eba\u017ee se v n\u00ed zprvu vyr\u00e1b\u011bla jen p\u00e1lenka z pivn\u00edch odpadk\u016f, \u010dasem se v n\u00ed uchytilo i obil\u00ed a od poloviny 18. stolet\u00ed p\u0159ibyla tak\u00e9 slivovice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u017edy\u0165 vizovick\u00fd kraj byl z ovocn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho hlediska mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b bohat\u00fd. Je\u0161t\u011b na po\u010d\u00e1tku minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed v n\u011bm rostlo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 77 tis\u00edc ovocn\u00fdch strom\u016f, z nich\u017e 68 tis\u00edc byly \u0161vestky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

St\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed dobou pro tradici v\u00fdroby ovocn\u00fdch p\u00e1lenek v regionu byl konec 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy se s mlad\u00fdm synem Zikmundem objevil ve vrchnost\u00ed pronaj\u00edman\u00e9 pal\u00edrn\u011b Jakub Jel\u00ednek z Luha\u010dovic. Schopn\u00fd Zikmund v n\u00ed pot\u00e9 i n\u011bjak\u00fd \u010das zast\u00e1val funkci \u0159editele, nicm\u00e9n\u011b jej podobn\u011b jako ostatn\u00ed mlad\u00e9 v\u00fdrobce l\u00e1kalo zalo\u017eit vlastn\u00ed podnik, k \u010demu\u017e se odhodlal v roce 1891. O pouh\u00e9 t\u0159i roky pozd\u011bji zkou\u0161eli sv\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bst\u00ed takt\u00e9\u017e m\u00edstn\u00ed roln\u00edci, kte\u0159\u00ed se sdru\u017eili do Rolnick\u00e9ho akciov\u00e9ho z\u00e1vodu ovocn\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho Vizovice, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b RAZOV. Jejich \u00fasil\u00ed ov\u0161em nem\u011blo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9ho trv\u00e1n\u00ed, jeliko\u017e zkrachovali. Lok\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zev Razov se ale udr\u017eel a dodnes ozna\u010duje z\u00e1padn\u00ed konec Vizovic.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Beergeek aneb jak se vyznat ve svrchn\u011b kva\u0161en\u00e9m pivu<\/a><\/h4>
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P\u016fvodn\u00ed pal\u00edrna ve\u0161la pozd\u011bji za prvn\u00ed republiky ve zn\u00e1most jako Prvn\u00ed vizovick\u00e1 p\u00e1lenice Karla Singra, jej\u00edm\u017e majitelem byl u\u017e od roku 1895 Karel Singer a jej\u00ed\u017e borovi\u010dka i zlat\u00e1 slivovice nesly hrd\u00e9 ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201eprav\u00e1 vala\u0161sk\u00e1\u201c. V roce 1926 Karel Singer podnik roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il, kdy\u017e koupil od barona Stillfrieda pozemek naproti pal\u00edrn\u011b, na n\u011bm\u017e byl postaven sklad spole\u010dn\u011b s kvas\u00edrnou.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Pozoruhodn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 ve 20. letech sledovat rovn\u011b\u017e v podniku Zikmunda Jel\u00ednka. Ten jako dvaa\u0161edes\u00e1tilet\u00fd p\u0159enechal v roce 1921 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed spole\u010dnosti sv\u00fdm syn\u016fm Rudolfovi a Vladim\u00edrovi, kte\u0159\u00ed na otcovu po\u010dest registrovali n\u00e1zev \u201eZikmunda Jel\u00ednka synov\u00e9\u201c. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 c\u00edle jim v\u0161ak nevydr\u017eely p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouho. Je\u0161t\u011b sice stihli zakoupit nijak v\u00fdrazn\u011b prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed pal\u00edrnu Razov, je\u017e m\u011bla velk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l vzhledem ke sv\u00e9 v\u00fdhodn\u00e9 poloze za m\u011bstem, v roce 1926 se ale brat\u0159i rozhodli pokra\u010dovat v podnik\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd s\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vladim\u00edr si ponechal registrovan\u00fd n\u00e1zev, zat\u00edmco Rudolf z\u00edskal Razov a zalo\u017eil novou zna\u010dku pod sv\u00fdm jm\u00e9nem. Ve 30. letech n\u00e1sledn\u011b zah\u00e1jil Rudolf Jel\u00ednek v souladu se sv\u00fdm p\u016fvodem tak\u00e9 v\u00fdrobu ko\u0161er destil\u00e1t\u016f, je\u017e vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Do firmy se mus\u00ed nejprve dostavit pov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd z\u00e1stupce \u017eidovsk\u00e9 obce, kter\u00fd osobn\u011b dohl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed na cel\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed proces. Kontroluje v\u00fdb\u011br nejlep\u0161\u00edho ovoce v pokro\u010dil\u00e9 zralosti, p\u0159\u00edpravu kvasu, destilaci i fin\u00e1ln\u00ed st\u00e1\u010den\u00ed do l\u00e1hv\u00ed. Navzdory p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm ortodoxn\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 v\u00edry v\u0161ak Rudolf Jel\u00ednek obst\u00e1l, a prosadil se dokonce v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed, kam za\u010dal v roce 1934 vyv\u00e1\u017eet sv\u00e9 ko\u0161er produkty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Ve v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 v\u0159av\u011b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech byla druh\u00e1 sv\u011btov\u00e1 v\u00e1lka ne\u010dekan\u00fdm a obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem do majetkov\u00fdch pom\u011br\u016f pal\u00edren. Jedn\u00edm z p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nacistick\u00e9 uvalen\u00ed nucen\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy na rodov\u00e9 panstv\u00ed Hildprandt\u016f z jiho\u010desk\u00e9 Blatn\u00e9. Ti se do \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00ed dostali spole\u010dn\u011b s Habsburky z Ji\u017en\u00edho Tyrolska, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jejich majetek zahrnoval za Prvn\u00ed republiky rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 lok\u00e1ln\u00ed pozemky, na nich\u017e se mimo jin\u00e9 vyskytoval i lihovar s v\u00fdrobou vlastn\u00edch ovocn\u00fdch destil\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obdobn\u00fd osud stihl i vizovick\u00e9 pal\u00edrny, kdy ob\u011b region\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 rodiny anga\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed se v lihovarnictv\u00ed, jak Singr\u016f, tak Jel\u00ednk\u016f, m\u011bly \u017eidovsk\u00fd p\u016fvod, a tak byly v o\u010d\u00edch re\u017eimu jasn\u00fdm c\u00edlem.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A\u010dkoli v omezen\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch fungovaly pal\u00edrny je\u0161t\u011b rok, v roce 1940 na n\u011b byly jako na \u017eidovsk\u00fd majetek uvaleny nucen\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy. Za necel\u00fd rok byl Karel Singer p\u0159inucen svou pal\u00edrnu prodat sudetsk\u00fdm N\u011bmc\u016fm brat\u0159\u00edm Pfeiffer\u016fm, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tent\u00fd\u017e rok \u201ekoupil\u201c podnik Rudolfa Jel\u00ednka p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00fd nacista Ernst Gabriel.<\/p>
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Vizovice – mekka \u010desk\u00e9 p\u00e1lenky<\/figcaption><\/figure>
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Firma Zikmunda Jel\u00ednka synov\u00e9 se z\u0159ejm\u011b nejevila tak atraktivn\u011b, nebo\u0165 do konce v\u00e1lky z\u016fstala pouze pod nucenou spr\u00e1vou. Je\u0161t\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed osud ne\u017e pal\u00edrny pot\u00e9 \u010dekal rodiny Jel\u00ednk\u016f v koncentra\u010dn\u00edch t\u00e1borech. Jedin\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1lku p\u0159e\u017eili, byli synov\u00e9 Rudolfa Jel\u00ednka. Ti po v\u00e1lce op\u011bt spojili otcovu firmu s osi\u0159el\u00fdm z\u00e1vodem Zikmunda Jel\u00ednka synov\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Obnova tradic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce se zd\u00e1lo, \u017ee se situace op\u011bt v dobr\u00e9 obr\u00e1t\u00ed. \u0158ada podnik\u016f, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1vod s p\u016fvodn\u00edm n\u00e1zvem Velkopal\u00edrna prav\u00e9 slov\u00e1ck\u00e9 slivovice a borovi\u010dky, lisovny v\u00edn a ovocn\u00fdch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v, dnes zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako Fleret a zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1850 Jakubem C. Kohnem, p\u0159e\u017eila v\u00e1lku navzdory \u00fatrap\u00e1m bez radik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fajmy. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b to, co p\u0159i\u0161lo pozd\u011bji, bylo pro valnou v\u011bt\u0161inu podnik\u016f zcela zdrcuj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jiho\u010de\u0161t\u00ed Hildprandt\u00e9, vizovick\u00fd Jel\u00ednek a mnoz\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdrobci p\u00e1lenek nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d celou republikou byli zasa\u017eeni vlnou zn\u00e1rod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Ji\u0159\u00edmu Jel\u00ednkovi se alespo\u0148 poda\u0159ilo postarat o rodinn\u00fd odkaz, kdy\u017e je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed odchodem do zahrani\u010d\u00ed vyjednal se st\u00e1tem registraci origin\u00e1ln\u00ed zna\u010dky Rudolf Jel\u00ednek.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Naopak jin\u00ed nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 na v\u00fdb\u011br a museli se sm\u00ed\u0159it s p\u0159ed\u00e1n\u00edm podnik\u016f a posl\u00e9ze se zav\u0159en\u00edm pal\u00edren. To se t\u00fdkalo nejen Hildprandt\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 Felixe Kohna, posledn\u00edho majitele Fleretu p\u0159ed p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00edm v\u00fdroby. Z n\u011bkter\u00fdch zn\u00e1rodn\u011bn\u00fdch podnik\u016f tedy re\u017eim profitoval. V obdob\u00ed socialismu nap\u0159\u00edklad pokr\u00fdval vizovick\u00fd z\u00e1vod a\u017e 85 % \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9ho v\u00fdvozu alkoholick\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f, kter\u00e9 sm\u011b\u0159ovaly do 46 st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


P\u011bstitelsk\u00fd boom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Po roce 1989 s koncem komunistick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu nastal pozoruhodn\u00fd obrat. Dva roky po revoluci za\u010dala firma Jel\u00ednek hospoda\u0159it znovu samostatn\u011b. Rodu Hildprandt\u016f byl v restituc\u00edch navr\u00e1cen v roce 1992 majetek, jeho\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byl st\u00e1le funguj\u00edc\u00ed lihovar. V jeho \u010dele st\u00e1l a dodnes stoj\u00ed jako vedouc\u00ed provozu V\u00e1clav \u0160itner, kter\u00fd se zaslou\u017eil i o ned\u00e1vn\u00fd rozvoj zna\u010dky Baron Hildprandt.<\/p>
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O pouh\u00fd rok pozd\u011bji se op\u011bt rozjela v\u00fdroba Fleretu ve Fren\u0161t\u00e1t\u011b pod Radho\u0161t\u011bm, kter\u00fd se py\u0161n\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee je prvn\u00ed pal\u00edrnou, je\u017e a\u017e do sou\u010dasnosti funguje na tomt\u00e9\u017e m\u00edst\u011b, kde byla zalo\u017eena. Jednozna\u010dn\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem posledn\u00edch let je ov\u0161em ovocn\u00e1\u0159sko-v\u010dela\u0159sk\u00e1 farma rodiny \u017duf\u00e1nk\u016f, kter\u00e1 se od roku 2000 soust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00fdrobu ovocn\u00fdch destil\u00e1t\u016f a lik\u00e9r\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e u\u017e se p\u00ed\u0161e novodob\u00e1 historie p\u00e1len\u00ed z ovoce v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p>
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V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b pak rozhodn\u011b stoj\u00ed za zm\u00ednku i destilerie Balatka<\/a> z \u010cesk\u00e9ho r\u00e1je. Ti vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ovocn\u00e9 destil\u00e1ty od roku 2005 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z ovoce, kter\u00e9 se p\u011bstuje\u00a0v \u010cesk\u00e9m r\u00e1ji a jeho bl\u00edzk\u00e9m okol\u00ed. Tak na zdrav\u00ed!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1zev p\u00e1lenka je odvozen od zku\u0161enosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f s p\u00e1len\u00edm kvasu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1vali z p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed l\u00e1tky tekutinu s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem alkoholu. Kdy p\u0159esn\u011b si ov\u0161em tuto zku\u0161enost osvojili? Podle prvn\u00edch p\u00edsemn\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v lze p\u00e1len\u00ed z ovoce datovat do dob Lucemburk\u016f, a\u010dkoli proces p\u00e1len\u00ed byl ji\u017e v\u0161eobecn\u011b n\u011bjakou dobu zn\u00e1m\u00fd. Alkohol se vyskytuje po boku \u010dlov\u011bka ji\u017e odnepam\u011bti, v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b vznik\u00e1 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kvasn\u00e9ho procesu tak\u0159ka samovoln\u011b. S p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k velmi limitovan\u00e9mu mno\u017estv\u00ed pramen\u016f je ale v\u00edce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8226,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,63,25],"tags":[400,2112,1030,87,2110,1648,2111,2113,2108,2109,1732,401,2106,2107],"class_list":["post-8225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-jidlo","category-style","tag-alkohol","tag-alkoholicke-napoje","tag-cesko","tag-historie","tag-jelinek","tag-jidlo-a-piti","tag-karel-iv","tag-paleni-alkoholu","tag-palenka","tag-palenky","tag-palirny","tag-piti","tag-slivovice","tag-zufanek"],"yoast_head":"\nOd Karla IV. po \u017duf\u00e1nka aneb p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh \u010desk\u00e9 p\u00e1lenky - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"N\u00e1zev p\u00e1lenka je\u00a0odvozen od\u00a0zku\u0161enosti na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f s\u00a0p\u00e1len\u00edm kvasu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e z\u00edsk\u00e1vali z\u00a0p\u016fvodn\u00ed v\u00fdchoz\u00ed l\u00e1tky tekutinu s\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm obsahem alkoholu. 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