{"id":9442,"date":"2025-04-22T18:00:17","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T16:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/?p=9442"},"modified":"2025-04-22T19:00:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T17:00:05","slug":"pribeh-rumu-kruta-historie-potrisnena-krvi-africkych-otroku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/pribeh-rumu-kruta-historie-potrisnena-krvi-africkych-otroku\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu: Krut\u00e1 historie pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e1 krv\u00ed africk\u00fdch otrok\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

S rumem si lid\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed bezpo\u010det romantick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Tropy a sluncem zalit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee, pir\u00e1ty, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed ho denn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, nebo vedrem umo\u0159en\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed usrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 verand\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f n\u00e1poj p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z rumu a ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Na jednom se ale shodnou v\u0161ichni \u2013 domovem rumu je Karibik. A p\u0159esto je to n\u00e1poj, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed hluboko v evropsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. Jeho historie je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i krut\u00e1.<\/strong><\/p>
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P\u016fvod slova rum je pon\u011bkud nejasn\u00fd \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 prameny jeho vznik vysv\u011btluj\u00ed po sv\u00e9m. \u0160iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 je nap\u0159\u00edklad tvrzen\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1 z\u00e1klad ve v\u00fdrazu rumbullion nebo rumbustion. Prvn\u011b jmenovan\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed z devonshirsk\u00e9ho dialektu a znamen\u00e1 velkou v\u0159avu. Jin\u00fd zdroj odvozuje n\u00e1zev p\u00e1lenky od latinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1zvu pro cukr (saccharum) nebo cukrovou t\u0159tinu (Saccharum officinarum), jejich\u017e zkr\u00e1cen\u00edm slovo rum vzniklo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed verze \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o n\u00e1zev du\u0161en\u00e9ho pokrmu (patrn\u011b s cukrem) z kreolsk\u00e9 francouz\u0161tiny. A\u0165 u\u017e je pravda kdekoli, kolem roku 1667 ji\u017e p\u00e1lenka nesla n\u00e1zev rum, ve francouz\u0161tin\u011b rhum a \u0161pan\u011blsky ron.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

A cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

I kdy\u017e je rum bez debat krv\u00ed Karibiku, cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina, z n\u00ed\u017e se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed, ve skute\u010dnosti poch\u00e1z\u00ed z jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u011bta. Jej\u00edm domovem je s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed Papua-Nov\u00e1 Guinea, kde p\u0159ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10 000 lety vznikla z plan\u00e9ho druhu Saccharum robustum, jemu\u017e se da\u0159\u00ed i na okoln\u00edch ostrovech a na b\u0159ez\u00edch \u0159ek.<\/p>
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Hlavn\u00ed produkt cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, cukr, se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159inejmen\u0161\u00edm 2000 let. Pokud v\u0161ak zabrous\u00edme hloub\u011bji do historie, zm\u00ednku o cukru nalezneme i v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch spisech z 8. stolet\u00ed p\u0159. n. l., kter\u00e9 za zemi jeho p\u016fvodu ozna\u010duj\u00ed Indii. \u00dadajn\u011b se tam tehdy vyr\u00e1b\u011bl z divoce rostouc\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. V\u011bt\u0161ina odborn\u00edk\u016f na rum v\u0161ak p\u0159ece jen rozv\u00edj\u00ed prvn\u00ed teorii a uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee z Papuy-Nov\u00e9 Guinee se rostlina \u0161\u00ed\u0159ila na z\u00e1pad a \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed obchodn\u00edci ji odtud p\u0159ivezli do Asie a Indie. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se podle dostupn\u00fdch n\u00e1zor\u016f vyr\u00e1b\u011bly prvn\u00ed fermentovan\u00e9 n\u00e1poje ze \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. Arabov\u00e9 pak t\u0159tinu dovezli do oblasti dne\u0161n\u00edho St\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdchodu a do severn\u00ed Afriky, kde ji obyvatel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy objevili v 11. stolet\u00ed b\u011bhem k\u0159\u00ed\u017eov\u00fdch v\u00fdprav. D\u00edky t\u011bmto v\u00fdprav\u00e1m se t\u0159tina dostala na Sic\u00edlii a na Azorsk\u00e9 ostrovy.<\/p>

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A jak se t\u0159tina dostala do Ameriky? Dovezl ji tam Kolumbus. Ten nejprve 12. \u0159\u00edjna 1492 p\u0159iplul na ostrov, kter\u00fd nazval San Salvador. Prozkoumal celkem p\u011bt ostrov\u016f sou\u010dasn\u00fdch Baham a dne 28. \u0159\u00edjna doplul na Kubu. V roce 1493 p\u0159i druh\u00e9 ze sv\u00fdch v\u00fdprav dovezl do Karibiku cukrovou t\u0159tinu z plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9ho tch\u00e1na Perestrella na Azorsk\u00fdch ostrovech. Us\u00eddlil se na ostrov\u011b Hispaniola, kter\u00fd dnes tvo\u0159\u00ed dva st\u00e1ty \u2013 Haiti a Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika.<\/p>
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Jak\u00e1 je nejlep\u0161\u00ed? V\u0161e, co jste nev\u011bd\u011bli o whisky a b\u00e1li jste se zeptat<\/a><\/h4>
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V roce 1500 Portugalci p\u0159ipluli do Braz\u00edlie a v oblastech Pernambuco a Bah\u00eda zalo\u017eili vlastn\u00ed kolonie. Jeliko\u017e tam ale nenalezli vytou\u017een\u00e9 zlato ani st\u0159\u00edbro, pustili se rad\u011bji do intenzivn\u00edho p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny, kter\u00e1 p\u0159edstavovala obrovsk\u00fd zdroj zisku a z\u00e1hy se v t\u00e9to oblasti stala nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blskou plodinou\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n


Zrozen\u00ed \u010f\u00e1blobijce<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Na \u00favod je t\u0159eba \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee Barbados samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nebyl prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e se vyr\u00e1b\u011bl n\u00e1poj z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny. Zcela jist\u011b je to ov\u0161em zem\u011b, v n\u00ed\u017e poprv\u00e9 zazn\u011blo slovo rum a odkud byl tento produkt poprv\u00e9 vyvezen do ciziny. Destil\u00e1t z cukrov\u00e9 t\u0159tiny podle v\u0161eho vyr\u00e1b\u011bli u\u017e p\u0159ed stalet\u00edmi Arabov\u00e9 na St\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdchod\u011b nebo v severn\u00ed Africe, ale vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nen\u00ed povoleno nahl\u00ed\u017eet do star\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch spis\u016f o alchymii, nelze tuto teorii dost dob\u0159e prov\u011b\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b prvn\u00ed rum, kter\u00fd se prod\u00e1val v sudech, poch\u00e1zel z Barbadosu. A pr\u00e1v\u011b proto m\u016f\u017ee Barbados naprosto opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b tvrdit, \u017ee je zem\u00ed, v n\u00ed\u017e se zrodil rumov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl karibsk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Po vypuknut\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v Anglii v roce 1642 na ostrov p\u0159iplulo mnoho royalistick\u00fdch uprchl\u00edk\u016f a pe\u010de\u0165 star\u00e9 dobr\u00e9 Anglie se tu otiskla velmi hluboko. Kolonist\u016fm se na Barbadosu za\u010dalo da\u0159it, pustili se nap\u0159\u00edklad do p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed tab\u00e1ku, ale jeliko\u017e Lond\u00fdn uvalil na tab\u00e1k vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed clo, hledali n\u00e1hradn\u00ed plodinu \u2013 stala se j\u00ed cukrov\u00e1 t\u0159tina.<\/p>
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Pot\u00e9, co\u00a0Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus v\u00a0roce 1493 dovezl cukrovou t\u0159tinu do\u00a0Karibiku, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ili \u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 jej\u00ed p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed i\u00a0na\u00a0Portoriko a\u00a0Jamajku. V\u00a0roce 1554 se\u00a0u\u017e\u00a0cukr dov\u00e1\u017eel z\u00a0Kuby do\u00a0\u0160pan\u011blska. Tehdy plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edci nech\u00e1vali kvasit samotnou t\u0159tinovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu (kterou s\u00a0radost\u00ed pop\u00edjeli), zat\u00edmco vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkt p\u0159i\u00a0zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed cukru (melasu) obvykle d\u00e1vali n\u00e1mezdn\u00edm d\u011bln\u00edk\u016fm a\u00a0otrok\u016fm. Brazil\u0161t\u00ed plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edci melasu nech\u00e1vali kvasit, ale\u00a0nech\u00e1vali ji\u00a0otrok\u016fm, sami se\u00a0j\u00ed\u00a0nedotkli. A\u00a0pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00a0Braz\u00edlii z\u00edsk\u00e1vali Barbadosan\u00e9 velice cenn\u00e9 poznatky o\u00a0cukru, p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u0159tiny a\u00a0mo\u017enostech melasy.<\/p>
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Krvav\u00e1 vzpoura kv\u016fli zdan\u011bn\u00ed alkoholu! Za chlast se p\u0159eci mus\u00ed bojovat<\/a><\/h4>
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Z t\u0159tiny se\u00a0extrahovala \u0161\u0165\u00e1va a\u00a0vznikl\u00e1 melasa se\u00a0bu\u010f\u00a0pou\u017e\u00edvala jako sladidlo do\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrm\u016f, nebo se\u00a0znovu sva\u0159ila a\u00a0dala zkvasit. Kdy\u017e se\u00a0p\u0159ep\u00e1lila, vznikl z\u00a0n\u00ed\u00a0alkoholick\u00fd n\u00e1poj. V\u00a0ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00fdroby byla tato tekutina v\u017edy tmav\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nov\u011b vznikl\u00e1 p\u00e1lenka v\u0161ak m\u011bla velkou konkurenci, nebo\u0165 v\u00a0t\u00e9\u00a0dob\u011b d\u00e1vali Barbadosan\u00e9 p\u0159ednost madei\u0159e a\u00a0brandy, a\u00a0tak\u00a0byla poskytov\u00e1na ke\u00a0konzumaci jen\u00a0otrok\u016fm a\u00a0b\u00edl\u00e9 chudin\u011b. N\u00e1poji se\u00a0pro\u00a0sv\u016fj siln\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek \u0159\u00edkalo \u010f\u00e1blobijce a\u00a0byly po\u00a0n\u011bm\u00a0pr\u00fd\u00a0p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00e9 kocoviny.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0t\u00e9\u00a0dob\u011b se\u00a0galon t\u00e9hle p\u00e1lenky prod\u00e1val za\u00a0dva\u00a0\u0161ilinky a\u00a0\u0161est penc\u00ed. \u010e\u00e1blobijce nebylo zrovna dvakr\u00e1t uhlazen\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, a\u00a0proto v\u00a0roce 1651 barbadosk\u00fd parlament schv\u00e1lil z\u00e1kon, jen\u017e se\u00a0tohoto n\u00e1poje t\u00fdkal a\u00a0mluvil o\u00a0n\u011bm\u00a0jednodu\u0161e jako o\u00a0lihovin\u011b t\u00e9to zem\u011b. Za\u00a0p\u00e1r\u00a0let\u00a0ji\u017e\u00a0p\u00e1lenka nesla ozna\u010den\u00ed rum\u2026<\/p>
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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


Barbadosan\u00e9 se sna\u017eili neust\u00e1le sv\u016fj n\u00e1poj zdokonalovat. Za\u010dali s\u00a0n\u00edm\u00a0nap\u0159\u00edklad experimentovat v\u00a0pun\u010di. Ten\u00a0byl\u00a0ji\u017e\u00a0v\u00a0t\u00e9\u00a0dob\u011b velmi obl\u00edben\u00fd v\u00a0Anglii, kde\u00a0bylo zvykem m\u00edchat v\u00edno, brandy nebo whisky s\u00a0vodou, citronovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vou, cukrem, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b ko\u0159en\u00edm. A\u00a0tak\u00a0se\u00a0objevilo n\u011bkolik recept\u016f na\u00a0rumov\u00fd pun\u010d.<\/p>
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Ve\u00a0druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 17. stolet\u00ed se\u00a0v\u00a0St. Lucy, nejsevern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti Barbadosu, d\u011blilo n\u011bkolik mal\u00fdch t\u0159tinov\u00fdch plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed o\u00a0poho\u0159\u00ed zvan\u00e9 Mount Gilboa. P\u00e1lil se\u00a0tu\u00a0rum\u00a0ji\u017e\u00a0v\u00a0roce 1663 a\u00a0zdej\u0161\u00ed pal\u00edrny byly pojmenov\u00e1ny po\u00a0sv\u00fdch majitel\u00edch \u2013 Tyrell, Jemmott, Jones, Pickering a\u00a0Grey. B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch 40 let\u00a0se\u00a0ale\u00a0spojily v\u00a0jeden dodnes velmi zn\u00e1m\u00fd podnik \u2013 Mount Gay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ji\u017e\u00a0v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0300 let\u00a0vyr\u00e1b\u00ed Mount Gay\u00a0Estate sv\u016fj tmav\u00fd rum\u00a0a\u00a0opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee prohla\u0161ovat, \u017ee\u00a0vlastn\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed zna\u010dku rumu na\u00a0sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Rum a n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kolonizac\u00ed Karibiku se\u00a0sv\u011btov\u00fdm mocnostem otev\u0159el sv\u011bt, spolu s\u00a0t\u00edm\u00a0ale\u00a0vznikla pot\u0159eba br\u00e1nit kolonie p\u0159ed ostatn\u00edmi. Zapot\u0159eb\u00ed bylo zejm\u00e9na udr\u017eovat na\u00a0mo\u0159i bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s\u00a0mate\u0159skou zem\u00ed, co\u017e\u00a0p\u0159ineslo rozkv\u011bt n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva. Ben\u00e1tky a\u00a0Janov jako prvn\u00ed m\u011bsta vybudovala n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed flotilu, aby\u00a0chr\u00e1nila sv\u00e9\u00a0obchodn\u00ed lod\u011b sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod p\u0159ed severoafrick\u00fdmi korz\u00e1ry. Vlastn\u00edho lo\u010fstva se\u00a0do\u010dkali i\u00a0\u0160pan\u011bl\u00e9 a\u00a0Portugalci, kte\u0159\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edjezdem Kry\u0161tofa Kolumba do\u00a0Karibiku zabrali Kan\u00e1rsk\u00e9 ostrovy, Madeiru, Azorsk\u00e9 a\u00a0Kapverdsk\u00e9 ostrovy.<\/p>
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Syfilis: Nemoc, kterou do Evropy p\u0159ivezl Kry\u0161tof Kolumbus<\/a><\/h4>
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Francouz\u0161t\u00ed a\u00a0angli\u010dt\u00ed ryb\u00e1\u0159i pak\u00a0na\u00a0sv\u00fdch lod\u00edch lovili ryby a\u017e\u00a0u\u00a0Newfoundlandu. V\u0161echny tyto lod\u011b v\u010detn\u011b plavidel ostatn\u00edch n\u00e1rod\u016f Baltsk\u00e9ho, St\u0159edozemn\u00edho a\u00a0Severn\u00edho mo\u0159e pot\u0159ebovaly pro\u00a0sv\u00e9\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky tekut\u00e9 ob\u010derstven\u00ed. Vozila se\u00a0voda, ale\u00a0ta\u00a0se\u00a0velmi snadno znehodnocovala r\u016fzn\u00fdmi bakteriemi. Vz\u00e1cn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byl\u00a0pro\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky pochopiteln\u011b alkohol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Francouzi a\u00a0Italov\u00e9 vozili v\u00edno, severn\u00ed n\u00e1rody v\u010detn\u011b Angli\u010dan\u016f se\u00a0musely spokojit s\u00a0pivem. Dokud kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9 lo\u010fstvo chr\u00e1nilo pouze anglick\u00e9 pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, bylo v\u0161e\u00a0v\u00a0po\u0159\u00e1dku, ale\u00a0s\u00a0pot\u0159ebou chr\u00e1nit anglick\u00e9 kolonie v\u00a0Karibiku a\u00a0Americe vznikl velk\u00fd probl\u00e9m, nebo\u0165 pivo se\u00a0za\u010dalo kazit\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V roce 1655 viceadmir\u00e1l William Penn p\u0159i v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9m ta\u017een\u00ed na Jamajku za\u010dal sv\u00fdm mu\u017e\u016fm rozl\u00e9vat rum. Na palub\u011b kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva v Karibiku a Atlantiku nahradil velmi brzy pivo. T\u00edm pochopiteln\u011b do\u0161lo ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed popt\u00e1vky po tomto destil\u00e1tu. Anglick\u00e9 kolonie v Karibiku zaznamen\u00e1valy velk\u00fd rozkv\u011bt, majitel\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017e\u00ed dosahovali obrovsk\u00fdch zisk\u016f a Angli\u010dan\u00e9 si brousili zuby na dal\u0161\u00ed cukrov\u00e9 ostrovy. Hlavn\u00edmi rumov\u00fdmi z\u00e1sob\u00e1rnami kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch lod\u00ed se staly Barbados, Jamajka a Antigua.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>
\n\n\n\n

Mu\u017ei na\u00a0lod\u00edch pili sv\u00e9\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly ne\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9ho rumu dvakr\u00e1t denn\u011b, co\u017e\u00a0m\u011blo mnohdy za\u00a0n\u00e1sledek n\u00e1silnosti a\u00a0nepln\u011bn\u00ed povinnost\u00ed, a\u00a0to\u00a0nejen na\u00a0palub\u011b, ale\u00a0i\u00a0na\u00a0sou\u0161i, kam\u00a0se\u00a0lod\u011b ob\u010das dostaly. Tenhle probl\u00e9m bylo nutn\u00e9 n\u011bjak \u0159e\u0161it \u2013 ujal se\u00a0toho viceadmir\u00e1l Edward Vernon. Kdy\u017e 21. srpna 1740 kotvila Vernonova lo\u010f\u00a0v\u00a0jamajsk\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstavu Port Royal, na\u0159\u00eddil, \u017ee\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl p\u016fl\u00a0pinty rumu se\u00a0od\u00a0tohoto dne\u00a0bude m\u00edchat s\u00a0vodou. Jeho dal\u0161\u00edm doporu\u010den\u00edm bylo, aby\u00a0si\u00a0n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edci do\u00a0n\u00e1poje p\u0159id\u00e1vali cukr a\u00a0citronovou \u010di\u00a0limetovou \u0161\u0165\u00e1vu jako prevenci p\u0159ed kurd\u011bjemi, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky p\u0159i\u00a0dlouh\u00fdch plavb\u00e1ch postihovaly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vernon nos\u00edval nepromokav\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 vyroben\u00fd z\u00a0pevn\u00e9, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 l\u00e1tky zvan\u00e9 grogr\u00e9n. Jeho mu\u017ei mu\u00a0proto za\u010dali \u0159\u00edkat star\u00fd Grogr\u00e9n a\u00a0n\u00e1poj, kter\u00fd vymyslel, okam\u017eit\u011b pojmenovali grog\u2026<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00fd obchod<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 britsk\u00e1 kolonie v\u00a0Karibiku, kter\u00e1 p\u011bstovala cukrovou t\u0159tinu, hledala pro\u00a0sv\u00e9\u00a0plant\u00e1\u017ee levnou pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu. Tu\u00a0a\u00a0tam\u00a0se\u00a0jim\u00a0naskytla p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost z\u00edskat v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 zajatce, nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00a0boj\u016f v\u00a0Irsku \u010di\u00a0Skotsku.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

Mnoho Ir\u016f\u00a0bylo posl\u00e1no na\u00a0mali\u010dk\u00fd ostrov Montserrat, kter\u00fd je\u00a0sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Z\u00e1v\u011btrn\u00fdch ostrov\u016f, nebo spolu se\u00a0Skoty na\u00a0Barbados. Skotsk\u00e9 i\u00a0irsk\u00e9 enkl\u00e1vy vznikaly tak\u00e9 na\u00a0ostrovech St. Vincent a\u00a0Grenada. Do\u00a0Severn\u00ed a\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky, kam\u00a0koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed mocnosti ji\u017e\u00a0d\u0159\u00edve expandovaly, cestovalo krom\u011b vyhnanc\u016f dobrovoln\u011b i\u00a0velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u00e1mezdn\u00edch d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f. Tito ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edci v\u0161ak nemohli co\u00a0do\u00a0po\u010dtu a\u00a0v\u00fddr\u017ee uspokojit pot\u0159ebu pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly na\u00a0plant\u00e1\u017e\u00edch, kter\u00e9 tam\u00a0vznikaly. Alternativou byli Indi\u00e1ni v\u00a0Nov\u00e9 Anglii, tento experiment v\u0161ak skon\u010dil nezdarem. K\u00a0dispozici byl\u00a0ale\u00a0je\u0161t\u011b jeden bohat\u00fd zdroj pracovn\u00ed s\u00edly \u2013 afri\u010dt\u00ed otroci.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Zn\u00e1te p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh seversk\u00fdch mo\u0159eplavc\u016f? Takhle postupovali Vikingov\u00e9!<\/a><\/h4>
\n\n\n\n

Tyto t\u0159i\u00a0faktory \u2013 dostatek rumu z\u00a0Nov\u00e9 Anglie, pot\u0159eba otrok\u016f v\u00a0Karibiku a\u00a0popt\u00e1vka v\u00fdrobc\u016f rumu v\u00a0Nov\u00e9 Anglii po\u00a0melase z\u00a0Karibiku, daly vzniknout tzv. troj\u00faheln\u00edkov\u00e9mu obchodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lod\u011b nalo\u017een\u00e9 rumem vyplouvaly z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, jako byly Boston, Salem a\u00a0Providence, sm\u011brem k\u00a0z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e9mu pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Zde\u00a0rumem uhasili \u017e\u00edze\u0148 africk\u00fdch kr\u00e1l\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed jim\u00a0na\u00a0opl\u00e1tku d\u00e1vali otroky.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u00a0pak\u00a0pluli na\u00a0palub\u00e1ch novoanglick\u00fdch lod\u00ed do\u00a0Karibiku, kde\u00a0byli prod\u00e1ni za\u00a0melasu, ze\u00a0kter\u00e9 pak\u00a0kolonie v\u00a0Nov\u00e9 Anglii vyr\u00e1b\u011bly rum. Jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd fungoval.<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n


P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu t\u00edmto nekon\u010d\u00ed, ale teprve za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 unik\u00e1tn\u00ed historky. Nap\u0159\u00edklad kv\u016fli rumu vznikla vzpoura africk\u00fdch otroku na ostrovech Haiti a Trinidad. Rumov\u00e1 historie ostrova Kuba by zabrala n\u011bkolik stovek str\u00e1nek. Zdatn\u011b by mu v\u0161ak mohla konkurovat Jamajka nebo Guyana. Ale i zem\u011b jako je Austr\u00e1lie, ostrovy Maskar\u00e9nsk\u00e9ho souostrov\u00ed v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu \u2013 Mauricius, R\u00e9union, Rodrigues a Seychely. Lihovary najdete i v Ghan\u011b, Sierra Leone nebo i v Beninu. Jenom do toho nem\u00edchejte \u010desk\u00e9 \u201crumy\u201d!<\/p>
\n\n\n\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu je komplikovan\u00fd, ale je to lik\u00e9r, kter\u00fd doslova obe\u0161el cel\u00fd sv\u011bt a zapsal se nesmazateln\u011b do pov\u011bdom\u00ed v\u0161ech lid\u00ed. Myslete na to, a\u017e si p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u011b budete objedn\u00e1vat Cuba Libre nebo Daiquiri!<\/p>
","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S rumem si lid\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed bezpo\u010det romantick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Tropy a sluncem zalit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee, pir\u00e1ty, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed ho denn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, nebo vedrem umo\u0159en\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed usrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 verand\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f n\u00e1poj p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z rumu a ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Na jednom se ale shodnou v\u0161ichni \u2013 domovem rumu je Karibik. A p\u0159esto je to n\u00e1poj, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed hluboko v evropsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. Jeho historie je kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 i krut\u00e1. P\u016fvod slova […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":9444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"kk_blocks_editor_width":"","_kiokenblocks_attr":"","_kiokenblocks_dimensions":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[387,63,25],"tags":[400,87,1648,2268,407,2266,401,2269,2267],"class_list":["post-9442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-historie","category-jidlo","category-style","tag-alkohol","tag-historie","tag-jidlo-a-piti","tag-karibik","tag-napoje","tag-otroci","tag-piti","tag-produkce-rumu","tag-rum"],"yoast_head":"\nP\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu: Krut\u00e1 historie pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e1 krv\u00ed africk\u00fdch otrok\u016f - Mzone<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"S rumem si\u00a0lid\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed bezpo\u010det romantick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Tropy a\u00a0sluncem zalit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee, pir\u00e1ty, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed ho\u00a0denn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, nebo vedrem umo\u0159en\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed usrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 verand\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f n\u00e1poj p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z\u00a0rumu a\u00a0ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Na\u00a0jednom se\u00a0ale\u00a0shodnou v\u0161ichni \u2013 domovem rumu je\u00a0Karibik. A\u00a0p\u0159esto je\u00a0to\u00a0n\u00e1poj, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed hluboko v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. Jeho historie je\u00a0kr\u00e1sn\u00e1, ale\u00a0z\u00e1rove\u0148 i\u00a0krut\u00e1.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mzone.cz\/en\/pribeh-rumu-kruta-historie-potrisnena-krvi-africkych-otroku\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh rumu: Krut\u00e1 historie pot\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e1 krv\u00ed africk\u00fdch otrok\u016f - Mzone\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"S rumem si\u00a0lid\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed bezpo\u010det romantick\u00fdch p\u0159edstav. Tropy a\u00a0sluncem zalit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee, pir\u00e1ty, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed ho\u00a0denn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, nebo vedrem umo\u0159en\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed usrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 verand\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f n\u00e1poj p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z\u00a0rumu a\u00a0ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Na\u00a0jednom se\u00a0ale\u00a0shodnou v\u0161ichni \u2013 domovem rumu je\u00a0Karibik. A\u00a0p\u0159esto je\u00a0to\u00a0n\u00e1poj, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed hluboko v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. 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Tropy a\u00a0sluncem zalit\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u017ee, pir\u00e1ty, n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed ho\u00a0denn\u011b dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011bl, nebo vedrem umo\u0159en\u00e9 plant\u00e1\u017en\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed usrk\u00e1vaj\u00ed na\u00a0zast\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 verand\u011b sv\u00fdch dom\u016f n\u00e1poj p\u0159ipraven\u00fd z\u00a0rumu a\u00a0ovocn\u00e9 \u0161\u0165\u00e1vy. Na\u00a0jednom se\u00a0ale\u00a0shodnou v\u0161ichni \u2013 domovem rumu je\u00a0Karibik. A\u00a0p\u0159esto je\u00a0to\u00a0n\u00e1poj, jeho\u017e ko\u0159eny tkv\u00ed hluboko v\u00a0evropsk\u00e9 koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed zku\u0161enosti. 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